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Task 8. a) Study the way an outline for writing should be done

Organizing your thoughts in writing is, like writing itself, a process. It’s a process of moving back and forth from general statements to specific details, of finding appropriate and relevant details and arranging them in the most effective order.

Outlines

There are two basic types of outlines:

- an outline the writer makes before writing the text;

- an outline the writer makes of what he has already written.

An outline that is developed before writing should be brief and should be made only after extensive discus­sion, reading, list-making, brainstorming, and other prewriting activities. It should be a device to guide the writer. An outline that is made after a text has been produced, that is, after the first draft, helps the writer see clearly what he has done and what he needs to do to make his meaning clearer to the reader. Analysis of pieces of writing by professional writers (or text­book writers) is helpful.

 

b) Study the example text.

Owning a Car

Should a person in an urban area own a car? This is an important question. Today we cannot imagine the world without it. A large amount of our everyday life is dominated by cars but we have to take into account the benefits and disadvantages of owning a car.

In a large urban area, there are some good reasons for owning a car. First, a car allows a person to move around freely. With a car, there is no need to check a bus schedule or wait for a train. Second, a car is a comfortable way to travel, especially in the win­tertime. In bad weather, the driver stays warm and dry, while the poor bus or train rider might have to stand in the rain. Finally, a driver is usually safe in a car at night. The rider might need to walk down a dark street to get to a stop, or wait on a dark corner.

There are, on the other hand, many good reasons against owning a car. First, it can be very expensive. The price of fuel continues to rise and car insurance can cost three or four hundred dollars a year. In addi­tion, it is expensive to maintain and repair a car. A simple tune-up can cost $50. In an urban area, it might also be expensive to park the car. Second, owning a car can cause worry and stress. It is exhausting to drive in rush-hour traffic, or to drive around and around look­ing for a parking space. If you leave your car on the street, it might get stolen. That is something else to worry about. Finally, everyone needs to think about pollution and energy problems. Air pollution and noise pollution increase as more and more people drive cars. More and more cars also burn more and more fuel. At present, drivers may have to wait in long lines at filling stations in order to buy a couple of gal­lons of gasoline.

Should a person in an urban area own a car? In order to answer the question, a person must weigh both sides. On the one hand, there is expense, worry, and concern for the quality of life. On the other hand, there is freedom of movement, comfort, and safety. For most people in large cities, the reasons for owning a car outweigh the reasons against owning a car. Therefore, the answer is positive: A person in an urban area should own a car.

 


Date: 2016-04-22; view: 773


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