Clinical or Microbiologic Category Species Frequent Disease Presentations

Infections by pyogenic cocci Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis Abscess, cellulitis, pneumonia, septicemia

Streptococcus pyogenes, b-hemolytic Upper respiratory tract infection, erysipelas, scarlet fever, septicemia

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumoccoccus) Lobar pneumonia, meningitis

Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) Cerebrospinal meningitis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) Gonorrhea

Gram-negative infections, common * Escherichia coli Urinary tract infection, wound infection, abscess, pneumonia,

septicemia, endotoxemia, endocarditis

* Klebsiella pneumoniae

* Enterobacter (Aerobacter) aerogenes

* Proteus spp. (P. mirabilis, P. morgagni)

* Serratia marcescens

* Pseudomonas spp. (P. aeruginosa)

Bacteroides spp. (B. fragilis) Anaerobic infection

Legionella spp. (L. pneumophila) Legionnaires disease

Contagious childhood bacterial diseases Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis, upper and lower respiratory tract infections

Bordetella pertussis Whooping cough

Corynebacterium diphtheriae Diphtheria

Enteropathic infections Enteropathogenic E. coli Invasive or noninvasive gastroenterocolitis, some with septicemia

Shigella spp.

Vibrio cholerae

Campylobacter fetus, C. jejuni

Yersinia enterocolitica

Salmonella spp. (1000 strains)

Salmonella typhi Typhoid fever

Clostridial infections Clostridium tetani Tetanus (lockjaw)

Clostridium botulinum Botulism (paralytic food poisoning)

Clostridium perfringens, C. septicum Gas gangrene, necrotizing cellulitis

* Clostridium difficile Pseudomembranous colitis

Zoonotic bacterial infections Bacillus anthracis Anthrax (malignant pustule)

* Listeria monocytogenes Listeria meningitis, listeriosis

Yersinia pestis Bubonic plague

Francisella tularensis Tularemia

Brucella melitensis, B. suis, B. abortus Brucellosis (undulant fever)

Burkholderia mallei, B. pseudomallei Glanders, melioidosis

Leptospira spp. (many groups) Leptospirosis, Weil disease

Borrelia recurrentis Relapsing fever

Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme borreliosis

Bartonella henselae Cat-scratch disease; bacillary angiomatosis

Spirillum minus, Streptobacillus moniliformis Rat-bite fever

Human treponemal infections Treponema pallidum Venereal, endemic syphilis (bejel)

Treponema pertenue Yaws (frambesia)

Treponema carateum (T. herrejoni) Pinta (carate, mal del pinto)

Mycobacterial infections * Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis (Koch bacillus) Tuberculosis

M. leprae (Hansen bacillus) Leprosy

* M. kansasii, M. avium, M. intracellulare Atypical mycobacterial infections

M. ulcerans Buruli ulcer

Actinomycetaceae * Nocardia asteroides Nocardiosis

Actinomyces israelii Actinomycosis

*Important opportunistic infections.

include Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes, the cause of acne. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the mouth, particularly Streptococcus mutans, contribute to dental

plaque, a major cause of tooth decay. In the colon, 99.9% of bacteria are anaerobic, including Bacteroides species. Many bacteria remain extracellular when they invade the body, while

others can survive and replicate either outside or inside of host cells (facultative intracellular bacteria) and some grow only inside host cells (obligate intracellular bacteria).

Date: 2016-04-22; view: 973