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Condition Type of Fluid Common Associations

Inflammatory

Serofibrinous pleuritis Serofibrinous exudate Inflammation in adjacent lung

Collagen vascular disease

Suppurative pleuritis (empyema) Pus Suppurative infection in adjacent lung

Hemorrhagic pleuritis Bloody exudate Tumor

Noninflammatory

Hydrothorax Transudate Congestive heart failure

Hemothorax Blood Ruptured aortic aneurysm, trauma

Chylothorax Chyle (lymph) Tumor obstruction of normal lymphatics

Figure 15-47Numerous metastases from a renal cell carcinoma. (Courtesy of Dr. Michelle Mantel, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.)

Figure 15-48Malignant mesothelioma. Note the thick, firm, white pleural tumor tissue that ensheathes this bisected lung.

Figure 15-49 A, Malignant mesothelioma, epithelial type. B, Malignant mesothelioma, mixed type, stained for calretinin (immunoper-oxidase method). The epithelial component is

strongly positive (dark brown), while the sarcomatoid component is less so. (Courtesy of Dr. Thomas Krausz, Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Pritzker School of

Medicine, Chicago, IL.)

Figure 15-50Ultrastructural features of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (A), characterized by short, plump microvilli, contrasted with those of mesothelioma (B), in which microvilli are

numerous, long, and slender. (Courtesy of Dr. Noel Weidner, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA.)

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