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The proof of the puddingIn fact you really only need to know how to use the IF - THEN - ELSE, for selection, and the REPEAT - UNTIL, for looping, to write a program. The other flow control structures are just different ways to do the same thing. I'm sure you all believe me, but since there there may be one or two of you who don't, I've written the following, little, program. Program 15 PROGRAM write_numbers(INPUT,OUTPUT); { This program writes out, in English, any number less than 2,000 entered at the prompt. } VAR I, test_number, the_number : INTEGER; { -------------------------------------------------------- } PROCEDURE write_units(units : INTEGER); { this procedure writes out the value of the "units" } BEGIN IF units = 9 THEN WRITE('nine') ELSE IF units = 8 THEN WRITE('eight') ELSE IF units = 7 THEN WRITE('seven') ELSE IF units = 6 THEN WRITE('six') ELSE IF units = 5 THEN WRITE('five') ELSE IF units = 4 THEN WRITE('four') ELSE IF units = 3 THEN WRITE('three') ELSE IF units = 2 THEN WRITE('two') ELSE IF units = 1 THEN WRITE('one'); END; { procedure write_units } { -------------------------------------------------------- } PROCEDURE write_tens(VAR tens : INTEGER); { this procedure writes out the value of the "tens" } BEGIN IF tens > 89 THEN BEGIN WRITE('ninty'); tens := tens - 90; END ELSE IF tens > 79 THEN BEGIN WRITE('eighty'); tens := tens - 80; END ELSE IF tens > 69 THEN BEGIN WRITE('seventy'); tens := tens - 70; END ELSE IF tens > 59 THEN BEGIN WRITE('sixty'); tens := tens - 60; END ELSE IF tens > 49 THEN BEGIN WRITE('fifty'); tens := tens - 50; END ELSE IF tens > 39 THEN BEGIN WRITE('forty'); tens := tens - 40; END ELSE IF tens > 29 THEN BEGIN WRITE('thirty'); tens := tens - 30; END ELSE IF tens > 19 THEN BEGIN WRITE('twenty'); tens := tens - 20; END ELSE IF tens > 15 THEN BEGIN write_units(tens); write('teen'); END; END; { procedure write_tens } { -------------------------------------------------------- } PROCEDURE write_high_teens(the_number : INTEGER); { this procedure writes out 19 - 16, with a special case for 18 } BEGIN the_number := the_number - 10; write_units(the_number); { writes out "tens" column } { add correct suffix } IF (the_number = 8) THEN { write eighteen rather than eightteen } WRITE('een') ELSE write('teen'); END; { procedure write_high_teens } { -------------------------------------------------------- } PROCEDURE write_low_teens(the_number : INTEGER); { this procedure writes out special cases 15 - 10 } BEGIN IF (the_number = 15) THEN WRITE('fifteen') ELSE IF (the_number = 14) THEN WRITE('fourteen') ELSE IF (the_number = 13) THEN WRITE('thirteen') ELSE IF (the_number = 12) THEN WRITE('twelve') ELSE IF (the_number = 11) THEN WRITE('eleven') ELSE IF (the_number = 10) THEN WRITE('ten'); END; { procedure write_low_teens } { -------------------------------------------------------- } PROCEDURE write_the_number(the_number : INTEGER); BEGIN the_number := the_number MOD 100; { if "the_number" is greater than 19 } IF (the_number > 19) THEN BEGIN WRITE('and '); write_tens(the_number); write_units(the_number); END ELSE { if "the_number" 19, 18, 17, 16 } IF (the_number < 20) AND (the_number > 15) THEN BEGIN WRITE('and '); write_high_teens(the_number); END ELSE { if "the_number" is 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10 } IF (the_number < 16) AND (the_number > 9) THEN BEGIN WRITE('and '); write_low_teens(the_number); END ELSE { if "the_number" is less than 9 } IF (the_number > 0) THEN BEGIN WRITE('and '); write_units(the_number); END; WRITELN('.'); END; { procedure write_the_number } { -------------------------------------------------------- } BEGIN { MAIN PROGRAM } REPEAT WRITE('Enter number, -1 to quit : '); READLN(the_number); test_number := the_number; IF (the_number < 2000) AND (the_number > 999) THEN BEGIN the_number := the_number - 1000; IF (test_number = 1000) THEN WRITE('One thousand') ELSE IF (test_number > 1000) AND (test_number < 1099) THEN WRITE('One thousand and ') ELSE WRITE('One thousand '); END; { -------------------------------------------------------- } IF (the_number < 1000) AND (the_number >= 100) THEN { 999 - 900 } BEGIN IF the_number >= 900 THEN BEGIN IF (the_number = 900) THEN WRITE('Nine hundred') ELSE WRITE('Nine hundred '); write_the_number(the_number); END ELSE IF the_number >= 800 THEN { 899 - 800 } BEGIN IF (the_number = 800) THEN WRITE('Eight hundred') ELSE WRITE('Eight hundred '); write_the_number(the_number); END ELSE IF the_number >= 700 THEN { 799 - 700 } BEGIN IF (the_number = 700) THEN WRITE('Seven hundred') ELSE WRITE('Seven hundred '); write_the_number(the_number); END ELSE IF the_number >= 600 THEN { 699 - 600 } BEGIN IF (the_number = 600) THEN WRITE('Six hundred') ELSE WRITE('Six hundred '); write_the_number(the_number); END ELSE IF the_number >= 500 THEN { 599 - 500 } BEGIN IF (the_number = 500) THEN WRITE('Five hundred') ELSE WRITE('Five hundred '); write_the_number(the_number); END ELSE IF the_number >= 400 THEN { 499 - 400 } BEGIN IF (the_number = 400) THEN WRITE('Four hundred') ELSE WRITE('Four hundred '); write_the_number(the_number); END ELSE IF the_number >= 300 THEN { 399 - 300 } BEGIN IF (the_number = 300) THEN WRITE('Three hundred') ELSE WRITE('Three hundred '); write_the_number(the_number); END ELSE IF (the_number >= 200) THEN { 299 - 200 } BEGIN IF (the_number = 200) THEN WRITE('Two hundred') ELSE WRITE('Two hundred '); write_the_number(the_number); END ELSE IF the_number >= 100 THEN { 199 - 100 } BEGIN IF (the_number = 100) THEN WRITE('One hundred') ELSE WRITE('One hundred '); write_the_number(the_number); END; END { end 1999 - 100 } ELSE { begin 99 - 0 } IF (the_number >= 0) THEN BEGIN IF (the_number > 19) THEN BEGIN write_tens(the_number); write_units(the_number); END ELSE IF (the_number > 15) THEN write_high_teens(the_number) ELSE IF (the_number > 9) THEN write_low_teens(the_number) ELSE IF (the_number > 0) THEN write_units(the_number) ELSE IF test_number <> 1000 THEN { bug fix } WRITE('zero'); WRITELN('.'); END; UNTIL the_number = -1; END. { program write_numbers }
Chapter 3 Date: 2016-03-03; view: 869
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