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ALPHABET

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh li

Jj

Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

In the English alphabet, there are 26 letters, whereas in Ukrainian there are...

Some sounds in English are not there in Ukrainian and that's why they are very difficult to pronounce. For example, (8] in thing, [a] in then, [olin sing and [w] in window.

Are there any sounds in Ukrainian that would be difficult for an English person to pronounce?

In English the same sound is not always spelt or read the same way (for example, 'u' in bus and uniform). However, in Ukrainian you spell words the same way as you read them.

In English the word order is fixed, while in Ukrainian it isn't because the relationship between the parts of the sentence is shown by the endings you add to the words. B Hac aapHa ociHb boao pOK}'. Y bOMY po i MU M8f:MO 28pHy OCiHb.

There are only 2 cases (BiAMiHKIII) in English,while

there are ... cases in Ukrainian.

In English these are the common case and the genitive case.

In English 'you' has the same form in the singular and plural, whereas in Ukrainian there are different forms and these are ...

In English you don't have to think who you are going to address with the polite form («Bill» in Ukrainian) because this form doesn't exist.

In English there is only the natural gender (PiA), while in Ukrainian the nouns are divided into ... genders (how many?).

In English there are simple and continuous tenses. The continuous tense usually stresses that the action is not complete. What about Ukrainian? How do verbs in Ukrainian show this distinction? ...

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Bs

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Ee

€e lfuK 3.3 YIH

Ii ii Hu

KK A.r.. MM

HH

Oo

nn

Pp

Cc

TT

Yy

CD¢ Xx U!!

l.Jq

Wrn UJr.g lOJO

fu

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a) Think and say who is the best in your class in the following subjects:

• Biology •Literature

• English • Physics

• Maths • History

• Chemistry • Music?

• Geography

b) Work in groups.

Interview one of the

students to find out what helps him/her to achieve good results in this or that subject.

Mention the items below.

1 reading supplementary information on the subject

2 doing extra activities on

the subject

3 attending subject courses or clubs

4 responsibility for their own learning

5 working out their own learning strategies

6 use all resources available

7 high self-motivation

8 good time management

9 good memory

10knowledge about their learning type

INDEPENDENT

Research shows that language learners who make the most progress are those who are prepared to take responsibility for their own learning. This is known as independent or autonomous learning. But what does this actually involve?

ITIJ

Independent learners also keep

organised vocabulary notebooks. They don't just write down new words on scraps of paper. For instance, they organise new vocabulary by topic. This means that they can easily fmd words they have decided to make a note of, which makes accessing and learning them easier.

[TI]

But independent language learning

c) Share your results with other groups.

@ Read the magazine article.

Choose the paragraph from

A-H (page 22) which best

suits each gap (1-7). There is an extra paragraph.

isn't just about using dictionaries and keeping organised notebooks. Indepen­ dent language learners are also more likely to actually use the language outside the classroom .

[IT]

Besides cinema and television ,

independent learners also enjoy liste-

EAD

ning to songs in the target language. But it's not just the music that they are interested in. They listen to the words, too, and try and work out their meanings.

[IT]

Independent learning is not confmed to reading and listening. This kind of learner also likes to produce language. This does not only mean inside the classroom, but outside it, too.

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They will be perfectly at home with writing, as well. They will probably be using the language on the Internet in chat rooms and writing emails to friends in other countries.

[IT]

There are several answers to these questions. First of all, student learning a language in a country where that language is not spoken might only have a couple of lessons a week. This means that those who use it outside the lessons are getting more exposureand practice.

[I[]

At the end of the day, we don't actually know preciselyhow people learn languages, but it seems clear that if we want to improve our chances of learning one well, we should try and use it both inside and outside the classroom.

READING

...

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AAnd additional reason is that their learning is more personalised because they are doing things in the language that they are actually interested in, such as listening to their favourite bands singing in the language.

BFirst of all, language learners should know how to use resourceslike

dictionaries. This is important, because it allows the learners to work on their own without a teacher. For example, if you know how to use a dictionary, you can look up words and check spellings on your own.

CFor example, they like to watch films in the language they are learning.

However, they don't just read the subtitles. They try to listen to how things are said, and might even try and follow what they are watching without looking at the subtitles at all.

DHowever, independent learners not only write down new words and their

meanings. They also make a note of other important information connected with the word, such as its pronunciation and other words that usually go with it. They also write down examples of the word in context. All this information makes it easier for them to actually use the words they have recorded.

EReading in the target languageis another favouredstrategy. Such learners will be browsing the Internet or flicking through magazines dealing with subjects that they are interested in.

FSo why is it that independent learners seem to learn more? What is it

about using the language outside the classroom that makes it more

memorable?

GThere have been some spectacular results. A recent survey in Sweden concluded that children who had access to one at home scored significantly higher in English tests that those who didn't.

HThey don't worry about using the language in shops when they go

abroad or if a foreign tourist stops them to ask for directions. In fact, they will eagerly grab the opportunity to practise their foreign language skills.

READ I G•

0Read the article again and guess the meanings of the words in bold.

Date: 2016-03-03; view: 1583