Shunned imbued quintessential forerunners acknowledged adopted coined indicated consummate portraiture reading emanate unmoved

a) The newly formed group of artists found their exhibition shunned by art critics.

b) Many new talented painters were imbued with Gauguin’s ingenious style.

c) The catalogue represents author’s quintessential works over the last 20 years.

d) The suffragettes were forerunners of the modern women’s movement.

e) The rethink of approaches in painting spawned a number of acknowledged cultural movements.

f) When in Pont-Aven, Gauguin worked alongside Bernard to develop the adopted manner of painting known as Synthetism.

g) The term Impressionism was coined by a journalist when he attempted to ridicule at the new trend.

h) The new interpretation of colour indicated a shift towards the new artistic conception.

i) The picture captures the peace and homely atmosphere of the place.

j) The road exhibition included some consummate exhibits from several landmark galleries.

k) This array of preparatory sketches of faces indicate the period when the artist tried his hand at portraiture.

l) With the political and cultural context the canvas receives a new reading.

m) The landscapes of Martinique emanate the atmosphere of a paradise on earth.

n) We attended the current exhibition, but, for the most part, were left unmoved.

4. Below are some interpretations of different cultural movements. The texts have been gapped for the purpose of exercise. Take the challenge and replace the relevant words in their original places.

The direct precursors of impressionism were the English landscape painters Constable and Turner. When Monet and Pissarro first saw the work of these men, in 1871, they were particularly impressed by Turner's rendering of atmosphere and his representation of the diffusing effects of light on solid objects.

Edouard Manet showed that subtle depictions of light can be accomplished as well by the juxtaposition of bright, contrasting colors as by shadings of intermediary tones. Notable French contemporaries who championed the impressionists included such literary figures as Emile Zola, Charles Baudelaire and many others. Long accustomed to the conventional academic style, the press and public were hostile to the new style. During ensuing years, however, impressionism gradually won acceptance.

Monet alone was doctrinaire in applying what had become impressionist theory. He painted many series of studies—the cathedral of Rouen, haystacks, a lily pond, and poplars—each study painted at different times of the day and in different seasons. Pissarro used a subdued palette and concentrated equally on the effects of light and on the structure of forms. Sisley, although greatly influenced by Monet, retained his own delicacy of style. Degas, who was not an orthodox impressionist, caught the fleeting moment, especially in ballet and horse-racing scenes. Renoir preferred to paint the female form rather than pure landscapes. Morisot's subtly painted landscapes gained strength from brushwork rather than color.

II

SymbolistMovement originated in France in the late 19th century. In literature, it encouraged writers to express their ideas, feelings, and values by means of symbols or suggestions rather than by direct statements. Symbolist writers discarded rigid rules of versification and the stereotyped poetic images of their predecessors. Symbolist visual arts refer to the use of certain pictorial conventions (pose, gesture, or a repertoire of attributes) to express a latent allegorical meaning in a work of art. Symbolism served as a catalyst in the development away from representation in art and toward abstraction. Inspiration was found initially in the work of the French painters Puvis de Chavannes, Moreau, and Redon, who used brilliant colors and exaggerated expressiveness of line to represent emotionally charged dream visions, inspired by literary, religious, or mythological subjects. Their followers included the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh, renowned for his use of color to express emotions, and the French painters Paul Gauguin and Emile Bernard. This style they dubbed synthetist, or symbolist (using the two terms interchangeably), in opposition to the analytic approach of impressionism. Symbolism, with its concern for the subjective, allusive employment of color and form, can be seen to underlie successive later 20th-century art styles.

5. Study the synonyms and fill in the gaps in the sentences below.

Date: 2016-03-03; view: 1031