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PROPHYLAXIS OF PERIODONTITIS

Why do we have to brush our teeth?

To remove dental deposit and avoid different gum diseases.

Every day a sticky film appears on the tooth surface. This film consists of bacteria that accumulate in places hard to reach and especially between teeth and on the gum border. That may cause various diseases of the teeth such as caries and periodontitis.

What is the difference between tooth deposit and dental calculus?

Bacteria deposits interact with minerals contained in the saliva and gradually harden. That is the way for dental calculus to appear.

Dental calculus can be removed only by means of professional hygienic tooth cleaning performed by a doctor.

What does a healthy gum look like?

A healthy gum is pale pink, strong and dense. It's snug against necks of teeth. While being brushed healthy teeth don't bleed.

How does periodontitis appear?

If you don't remove tooth deposits for a long time bacteria produce toxins that cause gum inflammation. It is the first stage of the disease or gingivitis.

What are the symptoms of periodontitis?

Inflamed and bleeding gums, unpleasant taste in your mouth, smell from your mouth, gradually progressing mobility of the teeth.

How does the inflammation appear?

When a bacterial deposit grows and reaches the gingival margin (a small cavity between tooth and gum) deeper periodontium layers get inflamed. Pathological periodontal sinuses appear. As a result bone tissue also gets inflamed and that causes its destroying.

The more bone tissue is destroyed, the more is tooth mobility, and so suppurative inflammation (abscess) can appear within periodontal sinuses. Sometimes a gum lowers leaving dental roots naked.

What is the daily periodontitis prophylaxis?

At home you should try to completely remove dental deposits.

Most people can't even imagine how difficult is to remove a tooth deposit and especially on a gingival margin. While brushing teeth people usually miss one and the same place .

It is in these zones that inflammation usually appears. To avoid it a doctor performs a test with a dye to find out where dental deposits usually remain after brushing. With the doctor's help you can become familiar with effective dental care. Good oral hygiene makes your breath fresh and your gums and teeth healthy.

Why is it necessary to have professional hygienic cleaning of the teeth?

There are places that are hard to reach (interdental spaces and periodontal sinuses) where it's impossible to remove bacteria deposits and dental calculus without any help. People who smoke and drink strong tea or coffee usually have darkened teeth.

Professional hygienic cleaning of teeth removes dental deposits, it renews natural enamel colour. So it's better to have professional hygienic cleaning of teeth regularly.

Professional hygienic cleaning involves:

1. Deposit colouring and individual consultation concerning hygiene.

2. Removal of dental deposits and dental calculus; periodontal sinuses and interdental spaces are cleaned with the help of an ultrasonic device or manually.



3. Renewing of natural enamel colour and whitening with an airflow method.

4. Tooth surface polishing.

5. Fluoride treatment.

1. Dentistry- treatment and care of the teeth and associated oral structures. Dentists are concerned with tooth decay, diseases of the supporting structures (such as the gums), faulty positioning of the teeth, and tooth replacements, as well as prevention of these problems.

2. Qrthodontia / orthodontics- a branch of dentistry concerned with straightening of teeth.

3. Orthodontist- a dentist who specializes in straightening teeth and correcting improper bite (occlusion).

4. Prosthodontics- a branch of medicine concerned with diseases and conditions involving muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, cartilages and bones.

5. Prosthesis -an artificial body part, such as a limb, tooth or eye, to take the place of a missing one.

6. Periodontics- a dental speciality which concerns itself with tissues immediately surrounding the teeth.

7. Periodontist- a dentist who specializes in conditions which affect tissues surrounding the teeth.

8. Pedodontics- children's dentistry.

ENDODONTICS

Endodontics is a subspecialty of dentistry whose broad purpose is to treat the diseases of pulp and related structures. Derived from Greek (endoinside and donto - tooth) Endodontics deals with problems developing inside the tooth. This involves careful cleansing of the interior spaces, germicidal treatment of these spaces and filling and sealing them. Endodontists are capable of performing a wide variety of treatment procedures.

Endodontics is that branch of dentistry which is concerned with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and injuries of the pulp and associated periradicular tissues, i.e. root canal therapy. This involves the removal of diseased pulp tissue and filling of the prepared root canal space with an inert filling material, normally gutta-percha. In addition to non-surgical treatment, endodontists also perform surgical procedures to remove diseased tissues from the area immediately surrounding the tip of the root(s).

Root canal therapy corrects disorders of the pulp or nerve of the tooth. Teeth with infected nerves were once generally removed as corrective therapy. In case of pulp infection, natural tooth can be saved through modern endodontic procedures. The restoration of a natural tooth is always preferable in addition to prosthetics for a wide variety of oral health reasons.

The most common causes of pulpal nerve damage are:

• physical irritation, generally brought on by aggressive tooth decay reaching down to the nerve or through deep fillings which allow harmful bacteria to reach the nerve resulting in infection and decay;

• trauma: many forms of dental trauma can affect the health of pulpal tissue. Blows to a tooth or the jaw can cause damage to sensitive nerve tissue within the tooth.

Diagnosis of pulpal nerve damage is generally the result of pain and discomfort in the tooth that can be accompanied by facial swelling of varying degree. Once pulpal decay has been confirmed by an endodontist, through an oral examination, corrective therapy should begin quickly to avoid tooth loss and alleviate pain.

Treatment begins with the initial removal of the tooth crown, or top, to allow access to the pulpal tissue. Once the affected pulpal tissue is exposed, the endodontist carefully removes all of the affected area. The area is carefully cleaned, enlarged and shaped to provide a clean, bondable surface for eventual filling. When the endodontist has completed the evacuation and shaping of the pulpal canal, it is then filled with a permanent filler to prohibit any further infection and discomfort. Upon completion of this filling an adequate crowning is then fabricated to complete the rescue and restoration of your natural tooth.

DENTAL ANOMALIES

This text is designed to help the learner perform the following:

• Identify variations from the normal (anomalies) for the number of teeth in an arch.

• Identify anomalies in crown morphology and, when applicable, identify the anomaly by name and give a possible cause (etiology).

Definition: An anomaly is a deviation from normal, usually related to embryonic development that may result in the absence, excess, or deformity of body parts. Dental anomalies are abnormalities of teeth that range from such «common» occurrences as malformed permanent maxillary lateral incisors that are peg-shaped, to such rare occurrences as complete anodontia (no teeth at all). Dental anomalies are most often caused by hereditary factors (gene related) or by developmental or metabolic disturbances. While more anomalies occur in the permanent than primary dentition, and in the maxilla than the mandible, it is important to remember that their occurrence is rare. For example, only 1-2 % of the population have some form of anodontia (one or more missing teeth), while another 1-2 % have supernumerary (extra) teeth. When specific deformities or abnormal formations of teeth occur with greater frequency, it is difficult to determine whether the deviation is a «true» anomaly or simply an extreme variation in tooth morphology.

Familiarity with dental anomalies is essential to the clinical practice of dentistry and dental hygiene. Recognition and correct labeling of anomalies is important for your communication with other dental team members, especially in the case of referral to or from another dentist. Additionally, your communication with the patient (or, in the case of a child, the parent) should reflect knowledge of abnormal oral conditions. Even with your assurance that the fused front tooth of a 4-year-old child occurs with 0,5 % frequency and rarely affects the number of teeth in the permanent dentition, you will have to work hard to explain and promote the patient's confidence in you and the office. Likewise, the informed patient who understands why the accessory cusps on the buccal of his maxillary or mandibular molar is more prone to decay than normal, will likely be more receptive to home care instructions that are specific to his mouth and his needs. Finally, understanding the etiology (cause) of the anomaly is important in determining the course of treatment, if any. Additional information related to the etiology of the following anomalies is found in the study of both oral histology/embryol- ogy and oral pathology.

 


Date: 2016-03-03; view: 1701


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