Viral infection disease

An infection in 7-year old child started with mild cold-like symptoms, “seal bark” cough and then it results in subglottal swelling. Which of the following organisms is most likely can cause laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)?

@Parainfluenza virus type 1-3

Mumps

Measles

Respiratory syncytial virus

RNA which is contained in AID virus, penetrated into the middle of leukocytes and, made the cell synthetic viral DNA with the help of the enzyme revertase. This process is based on…

@Reverse transcription

Convariant replication

Reverse translation

Depression of operone

Repression of operone

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It is known that the human immunodeficiency virus belongs to the family of retroviruses. Specify the basic attribute, which characterizes this family.

@The presence of the enzyme - reverse transcriptase

Contain RNA

Simple viruses, which affect only men

Nucleic acid doesn.t integrate into the genome of the

Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay is used for the revealing of antigens

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It was revealed that T-lymphocytes were affected by HIV. Virus enzyme - reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) - catalyzes the synthesis of:

Virus informational RNA on the matrix of DNA

DNA on virus ribosomal RNA

Viral DNA on DNA matrix

@DNA on the matrix of virus mRNA

mRNA on the matrix of virus protein

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Examination of a young man in the AIDS centre produced a positive result of immune-enzyme assay with HIV antigens. Patient's complaints about state of his health were absent. What can the positive result of immune-enzyme assay be evidence of?

HBV persistence

Being infected with HBV

Being ill with AIDS

@HIV infection

Having had AIDS recently

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The diagnosis of AIDS was put to the 20 years old patient. What populations of cells are most sensitive to a human immunodeficiency virus?

@T-helpers

Hepatocytes

Endotheliocytes

Epithelial cells

B-lymphocytes

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Blood analysis of a patient showed signs of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus). Which cells does HIV-virus primarily?

Specialized nervous cells (neurons)

Mast cells

Cells that contain receptor IgM (B-lymphocytes)

Proliferating cells (stem hematoplastic cells)

@Cells that contain receptor T4 (T-helpers)

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The human immunodeficiency virus has the follow antigens - gp 41 and gp 120 on the surface. This virus interacts with the cells-target of the organism. Choose among the listed antigens of the human leukocyte with which gp 120 of the virus complementary connected.

@CD 4

CD 3

CD 8

CD 19

CD 28

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A post-mortem of a woman revealed a septicopyemia with metastatic abscesses of lungs and kidneys; pyosalpinx, a purulent peritonitis, a cachexia and lymphadenopathy. Medical records indicated HIV- positive blood test results within last 5 years. What clinical period of AIDS corresponds with the given pathomorphologic signs?

@Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Incubation period

Persisten generalised lymphadenopathy

Pre-AIDS (AIDS -related complex)

Reactive lymphadenopathy

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The patient is 25 years old. From the numerous cutaneous pustules St.aureus in the association with St.epidermidis were isolated. Pneumocystes carinii was detected in the sputum, Cryptosporidia, Proteus vulgaris and Candidas - in the feces. In which disease you can see so plural infection by the opportunistic

@AIDS

Diabetes

Sepsis

Dysbacteriosis

Medicinal agranulocytosis

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A 60-yer-old mail patient received several blood transfusions during the surgical operation. He did well for 2 weeks, but then developed fever, vomiting, diarrhea. Liver biopsy revealed intranuclear inclusion bodies. Which organism is the cause of the disease?

@Cytomegalovirus

Adenovirus

Hepatitis A virus

Influenza virus

Parainfluenza virus

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At the pathomorphologic exam of a 30-year-old drug-user with HIV infection was traced that both lungs were consolidated, of dark vinous-gray color, low-aerial; interalveolar septa were densely infiltrated with leukocytes; part of alveolocytes were transformed into big cells. The nucleus of such cell is located in the centre and is round with light ring that looks like an owl’s eye. What opportunistic infection caused pneumonia?

Atypical mycobacterium

Pneumocystis carinii

@Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Herpes virus

Toxoplasma

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A 35-year-old narcomaniac (drug abuser) with a history of HIV-infection died at the hospital. A post-mortem revealed that both lungs were dense, dark-red-grey color, with little air. Histological study showed that interalveolar septs were infiltrated by lymphocytes. Some alveolocytes were transformed to the big cells, with a centrally located round nucleus with a light rim of cytoplasm ("an owl's eye"). What opportunistic infection caused pneumonia in that case?

@Cytomegalovirus

Pneumocystis carinii

Atypical mycobacterium

Herpes-virus

Toxoplasma

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A post-mortem of a 40-year-old patient revealed a pneumocystosis carinii pneumonia, Kaposi's sarcoma and B-cell lymphoma. Medical records suggested that he actively practiced unsafe sexual intercourse with multiple partners at his life. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@A human immunodeficiency virus infection, AIDS stage

A human immunodeficiency virus infection, pre- AIDS stage

A secondary immunodeficiency as a result of primary B-cell lymphoma

A secondary immunodeficiency as a result of Kaposi's sarcoma

-

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On the autopsy of the dead some crimson-red strains, plaques and nodules (sarcoma Kaposhi) were found on the skin of the distal parts of the lower extremities. Also acute pneumonia was discovered. What is the disease?

@AIDS

Influenza

Chicken pox

Diphtheria

Anthrax

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HIV-infected patient is examined periodically for the purpose of the exposure of the signs of process activation. Name the most essential sign, which specifies the transformation of HIV-infection to the AIDS.

@Kaposi’s sarcoma. The amount of the helper-inducer T cells is less then 200 kl/mkl

Decreasing of amount of neutrophiles

Decreasing of amount of helper-inducer T cells

The amount of the helper-inducer T cells is less then critical level

The revealing of the gp 41

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A patient presented to his physician with expressed immunodeficiency, lymphopenia with change of parity T-helpers to T- suppressors, the lesion of a skin of the lower extremities. The cutaneous pathology was characterized by plural tumorous nodules, dome-shaped purple plaques, involved in skin breakdown with resulting fungating lesions. A histological investigation of the skin's biopsy showed the neoplasm of blood vessels, a dilatation of capillaries, slit-like blood-filled vascular spaces. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@Kaposi's sarcoma

Basalioma

Dermatomycosis

Phoma of skin

Inflammatory dermatitis

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A post-mortem of a patient, with a history of a drug abuse, revealed red-purple papular nodules and blotches on the skin of his lower extremities (Kaposi's sarcoma). In addition, acute pneumocystosis carinii pneumonia was also determined. For what disease the given symptoms are characteristic?

@AIDS

Influenza

Measles

Diphtheria

Anthrax

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Due to the results of the section of a 44-year-old man, who was a citizen of Ukraine, was traced the combination of pneumocystis pneumonia, Kaposi’s sarcoma and B-cell lymphoma. In the anamnesis is irregular sexual activity. What is the most possible diagnosis?

HIV infection, pre-AIDS stage

@HIV infection, AIDS stage

Secondary immunodeficiency caused by primary B-cell lymphoma

Secondary immunodeficiency caused by Kaposi’s sarcoma

Superinfection at the background of immunodeficiency

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A 23-year-old HIV-positive man presents with a cough and increased shortness of breath. A histologic section from a transbronchial biopsy staied with Gomori's methenamine-silver stain is shown in the photomicrograph below. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Pseudomonas pneumonia

Aspergillus pneumonia

@Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Cytomegalovirus pneumonia

Influenza pneumonia

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A 25-year-old woman presents with fever, malaise, headaches, and muscle pain (myalgia). A chest x-ray reveals bilateral infiltrates. You draw a tude of blood from the patient (the tude contains anticoagulant) and place the tude in a cup of ice. After the blood has cooled, you notice that the red cells have agglutinated (not clotted). This agglutination goes away after you wrm up the tude of blood. This patient's illness is most likely due to infection with which one of the following organism?

Influenza A virus

@Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Pneumocystis pneumoniae

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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A post-mortem of a patient, who died of a HIV- infection, revealed alterations of his brain. A histological investigation determined in subcortical white matter, midbrain and a brain stem fine, perivascular necroses, microglial nodules with multinuclear giant cells, focal gliosis and fibrosis. Name the most likely lesion of the central nervous system?

@Subacute meningocephalitis

Metabolic encephalopathy

Cytomegaloviral encephalitis

Primary lymphoma of CNS

Vacuolar myelipathy

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Characteristics of AIDS-related neurologic abnormalities include all the following EXCEPT

Areas of demyelination

@Preferential infection of cortical neurons

Multinucleated giant cells

Vacuolar myelopathy

Increased incidence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

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Disease that are classified as slow viral infections or unconventional agent (spongiform) encephalopathies include all the following EXCEPT

@Reye’s syndrome

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Kuru

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A 3-year-old child has a temperature of 38,30C; discrete vesiculoulcerative lesions (Koplik’s sports) can be seen on the mucous membrane of the mouth. The most probable diagnosis is:

@Measles

Rubella

Herpangina

Mumps

Scarlet fever

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A child presented with catarrhal conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, a laryngotracheobronchitis. A gross investigation of the oral cavity revealed white spot on the buccal mucosa opposite the first molar. In addition, a blotchy and papular rash appeared on the patient's face, trunk and extremities later. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@Measles

Scarlet fever

Meningococcal infection

Epidemic typhus

Influenza

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A child with a history of an acute catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, conjunctivas and blotchy, papular skin rash, died of pulmonary insufficiency. A histological investigation revealed an interstitial pneumonia with focal serous macrophageal inflammation and set of giant cells within alveoli walls. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@Measles

Influenza

Parainfluenza

Adenoviral infection

Cytomegaly

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An 8-year-old child presented with raised body temperature up to 39° C, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and cough. A physical investigation revealed blotchy skin rash and whitish rashes on a buccal mucosa. Suddenly appeared pant resulted in asphyxia, followed by patient death. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@Measles

Scarlet fever

Diphtheria

Meningococcal nasopharyngitis

Influenza

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A 5-year-old child presented with raised body temperature, punctulated rash, and conjunctivitis. He died of the superimposed pneumonia. A histological research of lungs revealed endo - mezo - panbronchitis and giant-cell pneumonia. For what disease the presented changes are characteristic?

@Measles

Scarlet fever

Croupous pneumonia

Diphtheria

Smallpox

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A 7-year-old child presented with raised body temperature up to 38,5°, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and cough. A physical investigation revealed blotchy and papular skin rash and whitish bran-like rashes in a buccal mucosa. On the fourth day appeared a dyspnea and wet pulmonary rhonchuses. Soon, difficulty of breath resulted in patient death from asphyxia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@Measles

Meningococcemia

Influenza

The pulmonary form of a mucoviscidosis

Pneumonia

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A child died of a spontaneous pheumothorax. A post-mortem revealed a collapse and interstitial emphysema of the right lung, focal atelectases of lungs, a punctual hemorrhage in a brain and a conjunctiva of eyes. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@ Whooping cough

Bronchopneumonia

Measles

Diphtheria of respiratory tracts

Scarlet fever

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A 4-year-old child died of respiratory insufficiency as a result of a respiratory musculation paralysis. Histological investigation revealed a hyperemia of the thoracal part of a spinal cord, the unclear pattern of the grey substance, punctual hemorrhages and fine sinking down sites of an encephalomalacia. In addition, there was an inflammation with a neuroglia proliferation around and by the necrotic neurons. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@Poliomyelitis

Meningococcal infection

Cytomegaly

Toxoplasmosis

Adenoviral infection

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A 6-year-old girl presented to the hospital with suddenly raised temperature and catarrh of respiratory tracts. For 5th day of illness there was a paralysis of her lower extremities muscles, accompanied with respiratory disorders. In the anterior horns of a spinal cord there was a proliferation of a glia round necrotic neurons. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@Poliomyelitis

Measles

Diphtheria

Meningococcemia

Scarlet fever

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A 6-year-old boy developed pain at swallowing and raised body temperature. On a second day of the disease, a physical investigation revealed the appearance of the fine, densely set, widespread skin rash with a small unaffected circumoral area. An oral cavity examination showed the bright reddening of a pharynx, enlarged tonsils and raspberry-red tongue. What is the most likely diagnose?

@Scarlet fever

Adenoviral infection

Fauces diphtheria

Measles

Streptococcal angina

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A sore throat and temperature elevation manifested in a 7-year-old child. On the second day of the disease red eruption, like small densely located stains of poppy seed size, was noticed. They covered the whole body except nasolabial trigonum. The exam of the oral cavity revealed flaming hyperemia of the fauces, enlarged tonsils, and crimson-red tongue. What is your diagnosis?

@Scarlet fever

Adenoviral infection

Diphtheria of the fauces

Measles

Streptococcal angina

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A boy is 7 y.o. Objectively: against the background of hyperemic skin there is knobby bright-pink rash on his forehead, neck, at the bottom of abdomen, in the popliteal spaces; nasolabial triangle is pale. Examination of oropharyngeal surface revealed localized bright-red hyperemia; tonsils are swollen, soft, lacunas contain pus, tongue is crimson. Cervical lymph nodes are enlarged, dense and painful. What is the most probable diagnosis?

@Scarlet fever

Infectious mononucleosis

Rubella

Diphtheria

Whooping cough

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A 7-year-old boy presented to the hospital with an acute catarrh in pharynx and tonsils which had extended on a mouth mucosa, tongue and fauces. A tongue was fiery red (crimson red) with prominent papillae ('raspberry' or 'strawberry' tongue). A gross investigation of tonsils showed superficial necroses. A casting-off necrotic tissue resulted in ulcers formation. Cervical lymphatic nodules were enlarged. A punctuate erythematous rash was determined over the trunk, arms and legs. Face was also involved but a small area about the mouth remained unaffected to produce circumoral pallor. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@Scarlet fever

Diphtheria

Angina

Measles

Meningococcal nasopharyngitis

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A 7-year-old child presented to the hospital with a punctuated bright-pink rash on hyperemic skin of a forehead, a neck, in the bottom of abdomen and popliteal fossa. A nasolabial triangle remained pale. Physical investigation of a stomato-pharynx revealed circumscribed bright red hyperemia of mucosa, 'raspberry' tongue. His tonsils were friable and edematous; lacunas filled with pus. Lymph nodes of a neck were enlarged, dense and painful. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@Scarlet fever

Rubella

Whooping cough

Diphtheria

Infectious mononucleosis

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A 7-year-old girl developed an acute disease. She presented to the hospital with a sore throat, and a fever, accompanied with a widespread rash. A physical examination revealed severe hyperemia of a pharynx, a 'raspberry' tongue, and enlarged bright red tonsils with some grayish and yellowish dim areas. These zones also extended on peritonsillar tissues. Submandibular lymph nodes were enlarged. For what disease the given changes are characteristic?

@Scarlet fever

Measles

Fauces diphtheria

Larynx diphtheria

Meningococcal nasopharyngitis

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A 9-year-old child developed a sharp pain at swallowing and a neck edema. His body temperature had risen to 39°C. A motley-red, punctulated , widespread rash appeared. A physical examination revealed severe hyperemia of a pharynx ('fiery pharynx') and a 'raspberry' tongue. The enlarged bright red tonsils presented with some grayish necrotic zones. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@Scarlet fever

Meningococcal nasopharyngitis

Diphtheria

Influenza

Measles

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A child complains of the general weakness, a pharyngalgia at swallowing and nausea. Objectively, a bright reddening revealed in fauces; tonsils were enlarged. Later, the fine, densely located maculae, size about papaverous grain, appeared on a neck, in the top of a back and a breast. Microscopical investigation showed in a mucosa and tonsils tissue an acute plethora and grayish, dim areas of necroses. On the periphery of the necrotic zones, within the edema and fibrinous inflammation areas, the chains of streptococcuses were defined. What is the most likely diagnosis?

@Scarlet fever

Diphtheria

Measles

Influenza

Meningococcal nasopharyngitis

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In the autopsy of a 6-year-old child the pathologist has found out: the necrotic- purulent angina, phlegmon of a neck, purulent otitis, purulent meningitis. These changes are most typical for:

@Septic scarlatina

Meningococcal infection

Toxic scarlatina

Diphtheria

Otogenic sepsis

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An autopsy of a child revealed a necrotic tonsillitis, neck phlegmon, purulent otitis and purulent meningitis. These alterations are the most typical for:

@Septic scarlet fever

Meningococcal infection

Toxic scarlet fever

Fauces diphtherias

Otogenic sepsis

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The 6-years-old boy has a moderate increase of the temperature, his parotid glands are enlarged. The virus has been allocated from the patient.s saliva. This virus is reproduced at the chicken embryos and tissue.s cultures, it has hemagglutination properties and causes the formation of the symplast in the cells culture. Which organs may be affecting by the disease caused by this virus most probably?

@Genital glands

Liver

Lungs

Throat tonsils

Brain

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The laboratory of the diagnostic center obtained the modern test-system for the revealing of the TORCH-infection, which gives the possibility to diagnose: 1) toxoplasmosis, 2) rubella infection, 3) cytomegalovirus infection, 4) herpes-infection. Which from the named diseases do viruses cause?

@Rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, herpes-infection

Rubella, herpes-infection

Cytomegalovirus infection, herpes-infection

Rubella

All named

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A 23-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for a routine physical examination that includes a Pap smear. Her sexual history includes many sexual partners beginning at an early age, but she has never been pregnant. Physical examination is unremarkable. The Pap smear returns as abnormal with the presence of atypical squamous epithelial cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS). She returns for a 6-month follow-up and a repeal pelvic exam is performe. Her cervix is painted with iodine and an area near the cervical os is present that does not stain with iodine. This area is flat and not papillary. Several biopsies are obtained from this pale area, and a representative histologic section is seen in. the picture below. This histologic section shows koilocytosis, which is most characteristic of infection with which one of the following organisms?

Cytomegalovirus

Epstein-Barr virus

Herpes simplex virus

@Human papillomavirus

Parvovirus BlO

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A pregnant woman was registered in an antenatal clinic and underwent complex examination for a number of infections. Blood serum contained IgM to the rubella virus. What is this result indicative of?

Of a chronic process

Of recurring infection with rubella virus

@Of primary infection

Of exacerbation of a chronic disease

The woman is healthy

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A gross investigation of a brain at a post-mortem revealed the edema, a plethora, and fine hemorrhage in medulla oblongata. A microscopical investigation showed a chromatolysis, hydropy and a necrosis of nervous cells. In addition, the eosinophilic intracytoplasmic formations (little bodies the Babesh-Negri bodies) were defined in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus. What diagnosis answers the described morphological implications?

@Rabies

Meningococcal meningitis

Encephalitis

Encephalomyelitis

Brucellosis

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A man who was bitten by the unknown dog applied to the surgeon. Wide ragged woundes were localized on the face. What curative-prophylactic aid should be given to prevent rabies?

@Start immunisation with rabies vaccine

Immediately inject normal gamma globulin

Prescribe combined antibiotic therapy

Immediate injection of DPT(Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus) vaccine

Hospitalize the patient and keep under the doctor's supervision

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