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Exercise 1. Read the following sentences, notice carefully the active words in bold, and translate the sentences into Russian.

Law

1.Once they are approved by Parliament, the new traffic regulations become law.

2.Law applies throughout a country to the people generally.

3. Resistance sprang chiefly from the northern barons who had opposed service in Poitou, and by the spring of 1215 many others had joined them in protest against John’s abuse or disregard of lawand custom.

Statute

1. British courts unlike those of the US, cannot question a statute’s effect. Protection for the consumer is laid down by statute.

2. The government would like to see this new law on the statute book (=in operation) as soon as possible.

3. 'As a collection our statute bookmight be summed up as beyond the average citizen's pocket to purchase, beyond his bookshelves to accommodate, beyond his leisure to study and beyond his intellect to comprehend.'

Act

1. The Disability Rights Commission was established in April 2000 by another Act of Parliament.

2. It took some time after Alice's release for the Habeas Corpus Act to reach the statute books as the Civil War was taking place at the time.

3. Currently there are 358 volumes of statutes at large and general public acts.

Liberty

1. Liberties such as freedom of speech that we take for granted.

2. Abraham Lincoln, one of the best-loved and most respected of America’s presidents, called the United States “a nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.”

3. Magna Carta is the foundation of liberty in Britain, Ireland, America and the Com­monwealth. It is a basic document that states the liberties guaranteed to the English people.

Charter

1. The rights of our citizens are governed by charter.

2. This new law amounts to a tax evador’s charter(=allows people to escape paying taxes)

3. English Great Charter the charter of English liberties granted by King John in 1215 under threat of civil war and reissued with alteration in 1216, 1217, and 1225 was a remarkable document in many ways.

Draw up

1. The contract has just been drawn up.

2. Draw up a list of all the things you want to do.

3. Magna Carta, which means ‘great charter’ in Latin, was drawn up by English barons and churchmen, who forced the tyrannical King John to set his seal to it on June 15, 1215.

Power

1. The power of the House of Lords is limited by the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949.

2. When a person or persons having power in the community enforces the rule, then that rule will acquire the status of a ‘law’ in the generally accepted meaning of the word

3. By doing this he agreed that limits could be set on royal powers.

Tax

1. The British government required the early British colonists to pay taxes to help pay for colonial expenses, but gave them no voice in passing the tax law.

2. The government plans to increase taxes by five per cent over the next year.

3. King John taxed barons and the English church heavily. In addition John leviedmassive reliefs (inheritance duties) on some barons.



Disregard

1. The government has shown a total disregard for the needs of the poor.

2. He ordered the jury to disregard the witness’s last statement,

3. Resistance sprang from the northern barons who had opposed service in Poitou, and by the spring of 1215 many others had joined them in protest against John’s abuseor disregard of lawand custom.

Negotiate

1. They negotiatedwith their counterparts for weeks on end.

2. The government says it will not negotiate with the terrorists.

3. Under threat of civil war King John was compelled to negotiate and on June 15 he accepted the baronial terms embodied in a document known as the Articles of the Barons, on the basis of which Magna Carta was drawn up.

Assessment

1. She made a careful assessment of the damages.

2. It is necessary to see that these assessments are not excessive.

3. The celebrated clause 39, which promised judgmentby peers or by the law of the land to all freemen, became a symbol of protection of threatened liberties and rights, and assessments.

Clause

1. Their contracts contain a no-strike clause.

2. A confidentiality clause was added to the contract.

3. The fourth group of clauses of Magna Carta referred to town, trade, and merchants.

Judgment

1. The company was fined 6 million dollars, following a recent court’s judgment.

2. He passed judgment on the guilty man.

3. The judgment was against the defendant.

Trial

1. The murder triallasted 6 weeks.

2. He is in detention awaiting trial

3. The celebrated clause 39 promised judgment by a fair trial.

Outlaw

1. Concepts of morality differ from culture to culture, although most will outlawextreme behaviour such as murder.

2. Drinking and driving has been outlawed.

3. ‘No Freeman shall be taken or imprisoned, or be deprived of his Freehold, or liberties, or free Customs, or be outlawed, or exiled, or any otherwise destroyed; nor will We not pass upon him, nor condemn him, but by lawful judgment of his Peers, or by the Law of the Land.

Justice

1. It is often said that the law provides justice, yet this is not always so. Justice is probably the ultimate goal towards which the law should strive, but it is unlikely that law will ever produce ‘justice’ in every case.

2. The guiding principle of a judge is to do justice

3. Magna Carta is regarded as one of the most notable documents in history.

The rights it listed were, in the main, feudal rights of justice and property that had been recognized by previous kings; but now for the first time these rights were insisted upon against the king’s will.


Date: 2016-01-14; view: 1297


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