1. You own a small town movie theatre. You currently charge $5 per ticket for everyone who comes to your movies. Your friend who took an economics course in college tells you that there may be a way to increase your total revenue. Given the demand curves shown, answer the following questions.
a.
What is your current total revenue for both groups?
b.
The elasticity of demand is more elastic in which market?
c.
Which market has the more inelastic demand?
d.
What is the elasticity of demand between the prices of $5 and $2 in the adult market? Is this elastic or inelastic?
e.
What is the elasticity of demand between $5 and $2 in the children's market? Is this elastic or inelastic?
f.
Given the graphs and what your friend knows about economics, he recommends you increase the price of adult tickets to $8 each and lower the price of a child's ticket to $3. How much could you increase total revenue if you take his advice?
ANS:
a.
Total revenue from children's tickets is $100 and from adult tickets is $250. Total revenue from all sales would be $350.
b.
The demand for children's tickets is more elastic.
c.
The adult ticket market has the more inelastic demand.
d.
The elasticity of demand between $5 and $2 is 0.26, which is inelastic.
e.
The elasticity of demand between $5 and $2 is 1.0, which is unit elastic.
f.
Total revenue in the adult market would be $320. Total revenue in the children’s market would be $120, so total revenue for both groups would be $440. $440 - $350 is an increase in total revenue of $90.
2. Use the graph shown to answer the following questions. Put the correct letter(s) in the blank.
a.
The elastic section of the graph is represented by section from _______.
b.
The inelastic section of the graph is represented by section from _______.
c.
The unit elastic section of the graph is represented by section _______.
d.
The portion of the graph in which a decrease in price would cause total revenue to fall would be from _________.
e.
The portion of the graph in which a decrease in price would cause total revenue to rise would be from _________.
f.
The portion of the graph in which a decrease in price would not cause a change in total revenue would be _________.
g.
The section of the graph in which total revenue would be at a maximum would be _______.
h.
The section of the graph in which elasticity is greater than 1 is _______.
i.
The section of the graph in which elasticity is equal to 1 is ______.
j.
The section of the graph in which elasticity is less than 1 is _______.
ANS:
a.
A to B
b.
B to C
c.
B
d.
B to C
e.
A to B
f.
B
g.
B
h.
A to B
i.
B
j.
B to C
3. Recently, in Smalltown, the price of Twinkies fell from $0.80 to $0.70. As a result, the quantity demanded of Ho-Ho's decreased from 120 to 100. What would be the appropriate elasticity to compute? Using the midpoint method, compute this elasticity. What does your answer tell you?
ANS:
The appropriate elasticity to compute would be cross-price elasticity. The cross-price elasticity for this example would be 1.36. The two goods are substitutes because the cross-price elasticity is positive.
4. There are very few, if any, good substitutes for motor oil. Therefore,
a.
the demand for motor oil would tend to be inelastic.
b.
the demand for motor oil would tend to be elastic.
c.
the demand for motor oil would tend to respond strongly to changes in prices of other goods.
d.
the supply of motor oil would tend to respond strongly to changes in people’s tastes for large cars relative to their tastes for small cars.
ANS: A
5. Whether a good is a luxury or necessity depends on
a.
the price of the good.
b.
the preferences of the buyer.
c.
the intrinsic properties of the good.
d.
how scarce the good is.
ANS: B
6. If the price elasticity of demand for a good is 1.5, then a 3 percent decrease in price results in a
a.
0.5 percent increase in the quantity demanded.
b.
2 percent increase in the quantity demanded.
c.
4.5 percent increase in the quantity demanded.
d.
5 percent increase in the quantity demanded.
ANS: C
7. The flatter the demand curve through a given point, the
a.
greater the price elasticity of demand at that point.
b.
smaller the price elasticity of demand at that point.
c.
closer the price elasticity of demand will be to the slope of the curve.
d.
greater the absolute value of the change in total revenue when there is a movement from that point upward and to the left along the demand curve.
ANS: A
Figure 5-2
8. Refer to Figure 5-2. As price falls from Pa to Pb, which demand curve represents the most elastic demand?
a.
D1
b.
D2
c.
D3
d.
All of the above are equally elastic.
ANS: A
9. Refer to Figure 5-2. As price falls from Pa to Pb, we could use the three demand curves to calculate three different values of the price elasticity of demand. Which of the three demand curves would produce the smallest elasticity?
a.
D1
b.
D2
c.
D3
d.
All of the above are equally elastic.
ANS: C
10. Studies indicate that the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is about 0.4. A government policy aimed at reducing smoking changed the price of a pack of cigarettes from $2 to $6. According to the midpoint method, the government policy should have reduced smoking by
a.
30%.
b.
40%.
c.
80%.
d.
250%.
ANS: B
Figure 5-5
11. Refer to Figure 5-5. Demand is unit elastic between prices of
a.
$18 and $24.
b.
$24 and $30.
c.
$24 and $36.
d.
$30 and $36.
ANS: C
12. Refer to Figure 5-5. Using the midpoint method, between prices of $12 and $18, price elasticity of demand is
a.
0.33.
b.
0.67.
c.
1.33.
d.
1.89.
ANS: A
13. Refer to Figure 5-5. Using the midpoint method, between prices of $48 and $54, price elasticity of demand is about
a.
0.92.
b.
3.89.
c.
4.33.
d.
5.67.
ANS: D
14. Refer to Figure 5-5. Using the midpoint method, between prices of $30 and $36, price elasticity of demand is about
a.
0.5.
b.
0.82.
c.
1.22.
d.
2.
ANS: C
15. Refer to Figure 5-5. The maximum value of total revenue corresponds to a price of
a.
$18.
b.
$30.
c.
$42.
d.
$48.
ANS: B
16. Refer to Figure 5-5. At a price of $48 per unit, sellers' total revenue amounts to
a.
$150.
b.
$200.
c.
$288.
d.
$364.
ANS: C
17. Refer to Figure 5-5. At a price of $12 per unit, sellers' total revenue amounts to
a.
$150.
b.
$200.
c.
$288.
d.
$364.
ANS: C
18. Refer to Figure 5-5. At a price of $30 per unit, sellers' total revenue amounts to
a.
$150.
b.
$200.
c.
$288.
d.
$450.
ANS: D
19. When the local used bookstore prices economics books at $15.00 each, it generally sells 70 books per month. If it lowers the price to $7.00, sales increase to 90 books per month. Given this information, we know that the price elasticity of demand for economics books is about
a.
2.91, and an increase in price from $7.00 to $15.00 results in an increase in total revenue.
b.
2.91, and an increase in price from $7.00 to $15.00 results in a decrease in total revenue.
c.
0.34, and an increase in price from $7.00 to $15.00 results in an increase in total revenue.
d.
0.34, and an increase in price from $7.00 to $15.00 results in a decrease in total revenue.
ANS: C
20. Suppose that when the price of corn is $2 per bushel, farmers can sell 10 million bushels. When the price of corn is $3 per bushel, farmers can sell 8 million bushels. Which of the following statements is true?
a.
The demand for corn is income inelastic, and so an increase in the price of corn will increase the total revenue of corn farmers.
b.
The demand for corn is income elastic, and so an increase in the price of corn will increase the total revenue of corn farmers.
c.
The demand for corn is price inelastic, and so an increase in the price of corn will increase the total revenue of corn farmers.
d.
The demand for corn is price elastic, and so an increase in the price of corn will increase the total revenue of corn farmers.
ANS: C
21. Which of the following could be the price elasticity of demand for a good for which an increase in price would increase revenue?
a.
0.2
b.
c.
1.5
d.
All of the above could be correct.
ANS: A
22. Which of the following is not possible?
a.
Demand is elastic, and a decrease in price causes an increase in revenue.
b.
Demand is unit elastic, and a decrease in price causes an increase in revenue.
c.
Demand is inelastic, and an increase in price causes an increase in revenue.
d.
Demand is perfectly inelastic, and an increase in price causes an increase in revenue.
ANS: B
Figure 5-9
23. Refer to Figure 5-9. Suppose this demand curve is a straight, downward-sloping line all the way from the horizontal intercept to the vertical intercept. We choose two prices, P1 and P2, and the corresponding quantities demanded, Q1 and Q2, for the purpose of calculating the price elasticity of demand. Also suppose P2 > P1. In which of the following cases could we possibly find that (i) demand is elastic and (ii) an increase in price from P1 to P2 causes an increase in total revenue?
a.
0 < P1 < P2 < $10.
b.
$10 < P1 < P2 < $15.
c.
P1 > $15.
d.
None of the above is correct.
ANS: D
24. Refer to Figure 5-9. If price increases from $10 to $15, total revenue will
a.
increase by $20, so demand must be inelastic in this price range.
b.
increase by $5, so demand must be inelastic in this price range.
c.
decrease by $20, so demand must be elastic in this price range.
d.
decrease by $10, so demand must be elastic in this price range.
ANS: A
25. Refer to Figure 5-9. A decrease in price from $15 to $10 leads to
a.
a decrease in total revenue of $10, so the price elasticity of demand is greater than 1 in this price range.
b.
a decrease in total revenue of $10, so the price elasticity of demand is less than 1 in this price range.
c.
a decrease in total revenue of $20, so the price elasticity of demand is less than 1 in this price range.
d.
a decrease in total revenue of $20, so demand is elastic in this price range.
ANS: C
26. Suppose a producer is able to separate customers into two groups, one having an inelastic demand and the other having an elastic demand. If the producer's objective is to increase total revenue, she should
a.
increase the price charged to customers with the elastic demand and decrease the price charged to customers with the inelastic demand.
b.
decrease the price charged to customers with the elastic demand and increase the price charged to customers with the inelastic demand.
c.
decrease the price to both groups of customers.
d.
increase the price for both groups of customers.
ANS: B
27. For Susie, a 7 percent increase in income results in a 12 percent increase in the quantity demanded of pizza. For Susie, the income elasticity of demand for pizza is
a.
negative, and pizza is an normal good.
b.
negative, and pizza is a inferior good.
c.
positive, and pizza is an inferior good.
d.
positive, and pizza is a normal good.
ANS: D
28. Last month, sellers of good Y took in $100 in total revenue on sales of 50 units of good Y. This month sellers of good Y raised their price and took in $120 in total revenue on sales of 40 units of good Y. At the same time, the price of good X stayed the same, but sales of good X increased from 20 units to 40 units. We can conclude that goods X and Y are
a.
substitutes, and have a cross-price elasticity of 0.60.
b.
complements, and have a cross-price elasticity of 0.60.
c.
substitutes, and have a cross-price elasticity of 1.67.
d.
complements, and have a cross-price elasticity of 1.67.
ANS: C
29. Some firms eventually experience problems with their capacity to produce output as their output levels increase. For these firms,
a.
market power is substantial.
b.
supply is perfectly inelastic.
c.
supply is more elastic at low levels of output and less elastic at high levels of output.
d.
supply is less elastic at low levels of output and more elastic at high levels of output.
ANS: C
Figure 5-13
30. Refer to Figure 5-13. Along which of these segments of the supply curve is supply least elastic?
a.
between G and H
b.
between C and D
c.
between A and C
d.
between A and B
ANS: A
31. Refer to Figure 5-13. Along which of these segments of the supply curve is supply most elastic?
a.
between A and B
b.
between C and D
c.
between D and H
d.
between G and H
ANS: A
32. Refer to Figure 5-13. Using the midpoint method, what is the price elasticity of supply between points A and B?
a.
2.33
b.
1.0
c.
0.43
d.
0.1
ANS: A
33. Refer to Figure 5-13. Using the midpoint method, what is the price elasticity of supply between points B and C?
a.
1.67
b.
1.19
c.
0.84
d.
0.61
ANS: B
34. Refer to Figure 5-13. Using the midpoint method, what is the price elasticity of supply between points D and G?
a.
1.89
b.
1.26
c.
0.53
d.
0.34
ANS: C
35. An increase in the price of pure chocolate morsels from $2.25 to $2.45 causes suppliers of chocolate morsels to increase their quantity supplied from 125 bags per minute to 145 bags per minute. Supply is
a.
elastic, and the price elasticity of supply is 1.74.
b.
elastic, and the price elasticity of supply is 0.57.
c.
inelastic, and the price elasticity of supply is 1.74.
d.
inelastic, and the price elasticity of supply is 0.57.
ANS: A
36. A decrease in supply will cause the smallest increase in price when
a.
both supply and demand are inelastic.
b.
demand is elastic and supply is inelastic.
c.
both supply and demand are elastic.
d.
demand is inelastic and supply is elastic.
ANS: C
37. Under which of the following conditions would the interdiction of illegal drugs result in a decrease in the quantity of drugs sold and in a decrease in total spending on illegal drugs by drug users?
a.
The interdiction has the effect of shifting the demand curve for illegal drugs to the right.
b.
The price elasticity of demand for illegal drugs is 1.3.
c.
The price elasticity of supply for illegal drugs is 0.8.
d.
As a result of the interdiction, the price of illegal drugs increases by 20 percent and the quantity of illegal drugs sold decreases by 16 percent.
