Following are the examples taken from the result section of different articles. Identify the tenses of the verbs in bold type. Be sure you understand why each tense is used.

A. In some studies the findings involve a comparison among groups, often one or more experimental groups with a control group. In these cases statements are written using comparative or superlative expressions:

1. The test scores from the control group were higher than the two experimental groups.

2. As a group, divorced mothers spent over twice as much time in employment asmarried mothers.

3. The comparison of groups presented in Table 2 show a greater tendency on the part of the French as compared to the English respondents, to rely on television for political information.

4. Gender differences were also found in terms of number of children, which was significantly higher for male editors compared to there female counterparts.

5. The general sociocultural background of the female and male editors is quite similar.

6. Notably, this topic which is stereotypically perceived as hard news was rated higher by female editors.

B. In other studies the findings show the tendency of a variable to fluctuate over time. To report these kinds of results, use expressions of variation or special verbs of variation:

1. The percentage of viewers tended to decline in the second part of the decade.

2. From January there was an upward trend in the number of tourists and it reached its peakin July.

3. From September to December there was a downward trend in the number of tourists witha slight rise in October.

4. As can be seen, immigration of both West Indians and Indians and Pakistanis increased rapidlyover a twenty-year period.

5. After 1960 the number of West Indian immigrants decreased rapidly whereas the number of Indian and Pakistan immigrants continued to increase.

6. There has been no decrease in campaign coverage as a result of changes in the audiovisual structure; on the contrary, there has been an increase in the amount of campaign coverage although we could not talk of a doubling of the amount traditionally broadcast by DR

C. Findings of the third type show the relationship of one variable with another, or relationships among variables. When you report these kinds of results, it is common to use verbs of correlation:

1. Choice of location was correlated with (was negatively correlated with) marital status.

2. Inventive output is correlated with the percentage of total employees engaged full-time in R & D.

3. These correlations are compared for subsamples obtained by splitting design characteristics at their median values to represent organically versus mechanistically structured subsamples.

4. It is difficult to say whether television is more related to fear among women or men

5. Perceived realism is generally related to increased levels of fear, with both studies including this measure reporting a positive and sig­nificant result

6. It is clear that living in a high .crime place is consistently associated with a significant TV/fear relationship. For this neighborhood context, all five estimates of the TV/ fear relationship are statistically significant

7. It also may be that for males crime drama has a stronger effect and for females the news is more fear producing. The results for victim, race, and age also lack a consistent pattern.

Date: 2016-01-14; view: 796