The next several excerpts are taken from different introductions, and each contains an example of Stage III. Fill in each blank space with an appropriate signal word.

a) Thus, the research literature suggests that computer assisted instruction (CAI) is somewhat mare effective than conventional instruction in promoting student achievement, improving student attitudes, and decreasing the amount of time needed for instruction.____, there is very _____ research that reveals how CAI affects students’ knowledge or feelings about computers.

b) Attention research using various forms of nonface static and dynamic visual displays has been a consistent focus of cognitive psychologists since the 1950s. Moreover, auditory-visual speech perception research has been conducted for three decades, since McGurk and MacDonald (1978) studies on auditory-visual speech integration. ____, it is surprising that ____ research exists to answer the previously posed question. The goal of this study was to begin an exploration into how particular task and speaker variables might cause fluctuations in the amount of attention paid to a talker’s face.

c) Research on epistemological beliefs first appeared in educational circles roughly 30 years ago (Perry, 1970) but has been an active research topic in education psychology for less than 15 years. Most research during 1980s appeared in a variety of journals. It was not until recently that an integral review of the literature appeared (Hofer & Pintrich, 1997). More recently, edited books (Hofer & Pintrich, 2002) and journals as Educational Psychologist and Educational Psychology Review have served as forums in which conceptual and methodological issues were discussed. ____ this flurry attention to the topic of epistemological beliefs and learning,___ ___ ___ is known about how students and teachers construct epistemological beliefs or how these beliefs are modified over time.

d) Since the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996, social scientists have conducted an enormous amount of research on welfare politics and policies. Some scholars documented how the replacement of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) with Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) restructured omen’s relationships to social assistance. Other scholars analyzed welfare reform for what it signified about the reconstruction of the state itself. All of his research indicates that contemporary welfare politics marked a redefinition in women’s responsibilities and in social conceptions of motherhood.

___ there is ample evidence that paternal politics underlie contemporary welfare reform, sociologists still know very little about the content of this policy.

IV. Guided Writing

Following is the introduction to a research report in the field of psychology. The Abstract, Stage I, II and the first part of III are given in their original form. The rest of Stages III, IV, and V are given in outline form. Using the information in the outline, complete the introduction by writing out Stages III, IV, and V.

FIFTY CENTURIES OF RIGHT-HANDNESS:

Date: 2016-01-14; view: 784