| What is systematic position of intestinal yersiniosis and pseudotuberculosis?
| Family Enterobacteriaceae Genus Yersinia Species: Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.
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| How does Yersinia enterocolitica differentiate from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis?
| It differentiates by biochemical properties and antigenic structure.
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| What is intestinal yersiniosis?
| Infectious disease characterized by diarrhea, enteritis, pseudoappendicitis, ileitis, lymphadenitis of the mesentery.
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| What are the tinctorial and morphological features of the Yersinia enterocolitica?
| It is polymorphic, gram-negative bacteria: bacillus with rounded or ovoid ends sticks with bipolar staining. It is mobile (peritrichous), does not form spores.
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| What is the features of the antigenic structure?
| It has O-antigen (bacteria serogroups O3, O5, O8, O9 cause disease in humans).
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| What type of the breathing has Y. enterocolitica?
| It is facultative anaerobe.
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| What are the pathogenicity factors of the Y.enterocolitica?
| They are endotoxin, cytotoxin, enterotoxin.
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| What is distribution of pathogen of intestinal yersiniosis in nature?
| It distributes in the soil, water, infected plants. With water and plants yersinia distributed among animals (rats, mice, birds and farm animals).
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| What is way of the intestinal yersiniosis pathogen transmission?
| Main way is alimentary: through water and food (meat, milk, vegetables).
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| What is source of the intestinal yersiniosis?
| The source is patients with intestinal yersiniosis, synantropic rodents and animals (cows, pigs, goats, horses). It can spread from person to person, causing sometimes hospital infections.
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| What is material for microbiological diagnosis of intestinal yersiniosis?
| It is feces, urine, blood, liquor, bile, removed appendix
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| What are methods for microbiological diagnosis of intestinal yersiniosis?
| . Bacteriological is basic and serological - PHAT, ELISA.
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| What are media for the cultivation Y.enterocolitica?
| They are Endo, Ploskirev’s, selenit media.
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| What are cultural properties of the Y. enterocolitica in the Endo medium?
| It forms S-convex colonies, round, shiny, pink with straight edge.
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| What is pseudotuberculosis?
| It is acute infectious zoonotic disease characterized by fever, polymorphic rash, lymphadenitis of the mesentery, chronic diarrhea, septicemia, allergysation body, joint disease, prolonged course.
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| What are morphological and tinctorial features of pseudotuberculosis causative agents?
| It is Gram-negative bacillus with bipolar ovoid staining, forms a capsule. It has flagella (peritrichous) and does not form spores.
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| What is pathogenesis of the pseudotuberculosis?
| Causative agent moves through M-cells after invasion of intestinal mucosa. Highlighting cytotoxin parasite under conditions of incomplete phagocytosis enters the lymph nodes of the mesentery, causing lymphadenitis (typical is epigastric pain, symptoms of acute appendicitis). After overcoming the barrier of the lymph bacteremia is observing, this leads to the formation of granules in the macrophages of liver, spleen, lungs, and joints. There is allergysation of the body.
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| What is antigenic structure of Y. pseudotuberculosis?
| O-, H-antigens (bacteria serovars John, III, IV cause disease in humans).
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| What are pathogenic factors?
| They are enterotoxin, cytotoxin, endotoxin.
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| What is the reservoir and source of pseudotuberculosis for humans?
| Mammals (cattle, cats, mice, rats), birds that excrete the causative agent of faeces and urine, as well as water, soil, which accumulates parasite.
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| What is way of the pseudotuberculosis pathogen transmission?
| Alimentary: water-, fruits and vegetables that are dirty (contaminated) and emptying urine of diseased animals, which were kept at low temperatures (4-12 ° C) parasite multiplies in food substrates. Y. pseudotuberculosis from human to human does not transmission.
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| What is material for microbiological diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis?
| It is feaces, bile, son punctate lymph nodes, blood
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| What are methods for microbiological diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis?
| They are bacteriological, serological - PHAT (titre 1:400), ELISA (2-5 weeks), biological, skin-allergic test.
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| What is the features of bacteriological research Y.pseudotuberculosis?
| The material inoculated in the Serov’s media keep 15-20 days in the refrigerator (t = 4 ° C) with following inoculation it on differential media.
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| What are cultural properties of the Y. pseudotuberculosis?
| It very good growth on universal media by t = 22-28 ° C, forms S-colonies – small, round, cloudy, discolored; R-colonies – bulging, lumpy. In liquid medium form a film or even blurred.
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| What is the essence of biological research at pseudotuberculosis?
| Guinean pigs die after infection at 4-12 days. Smear-prints from organs are investigated and materials are inoculated on media with following identification of selected cultures.
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| What are purpose, method and essense of skin-allergic tests?
| It is making for detection of the sensitization of the patient Y. pseudotuberculosis. Skin-allergic test is making on the second week of disease (sensitization develops with 7-20-day and stored for 2-5 years). Accounting for the reaction conducted in 48 hours. If there is redness positivity and infiltration movements that are painful and itchy.
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| What is features of immunity in pseudotuberculosis?
| It is cellular (delaed type hypersensetivity), unbending.
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| What is non-specific prevention of the pseudotuberculosis?
| 1) Permanent sanitary control of water supply system,
2) control of technological modes of processing and storage of food,
3) combat rodents.
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