For this section, circle the answer that you feel applies to you now.

Are you comfortable working with others?

Never Rarely Sometimes Usually

Do you take notes (in writing or on cassette tape) while you read or listen?

Never Rarely Sometimes Usually

Do you ask yourself questions as you read or listen?

Never Rarely Sometimes Usually

Do you ask yourself questions as you write or calculate?

Never Rarely Sometimes Usually

Do you make pictures in your head as you read or listen?

Never Rarely Sometimes Usually

Do you make pictures in your head as you write or calculate?

Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Do you re-read what you've written?

Never Rarely Sometimes Usually

Do you read what you've written out loud?

Never Rarely Sometimes Usually

Now's the time to FIND OUT THE DIFFERENCE between how you

studied before reading this book and how you're studying (and feeling about studying) now.

Go back to page xiii, at the end of the Introduction, and compare your answers. What do you think?

chapter

As you've seen throughout this book, everyone learns differently. Everyone has strong and weak areas of the brain. But what if your weak area is really weak, so weak that it's preventing you from accomplishing your goals, even when you're working hard? This chapter helps you figure out when you need help with a learning difference that may be a learning disability.

Knowing When You Need Help

veryone learns in unique ways. Remember how Chapter 2, "Discovering How You Learn," described us all as learning seesaws? It's unusual for anyone's seesaw to be perfectly level. It's up on the side where you're a strong learner, and down where your learning is less strong.

If your seesaw is very tilted because you've got a super-strong learning style that's bringing that side all the way up, you're often paying a price for it. In order to balance out that super strength, another learning style may be difficult for you. Everyone has a learning difference. But in some people, the difference is so pronounced it gets in the way of learning. An extreme weakness in acquiring or expressing knowledge is called a learning disability. If you have a learning disability, you're not alone; 8 to 15 percent of people in the U.S. have some kind of learning disability.

compensating for a disability

In Chapters 2 through 5, you looked at the different ways people learn. In Chapters 7 and 8, you thought about when you know something for sure, and when something's not clear to you. You may want to review these chapters before continuing. For example, someone who is a real whiz in math, and very strong on order—a sequential learner—might have little interest in reading stories or watching fictional movies. Or, someone could be an amazing auditory learner, learning predominately by hearing, yet have difficulty spelling. For most people, strengths and weaknesses bal­ance each other out.

Most people who have a learning disability don't know that they have it. They know, on some level, that something's not quite right, but they've naturally been compensating for it. The person who is uncom­fortable reading, for example, might be an avid radio listener and an engaging speaker.

Those who do know they have a learning disability are often unclear about what it is. Perhaps they were diagnosed in grammar or high school, perhaps they were even in special classes or met regularly with an educa­tional specialist, but they still might not know exactly why they were there. And, often those who know what kind of learning disability they have don't know what to do about it.

The solution is to find out how you learn best, to know when you need help, and to know where to go to get it!

getting help

You've already begun helping yourself, even before you started reading this book. You are making up for your learning difficulty in some way, even if you don't know it. Your brain does this to protect and help you. But there's a limit to how much compensating your mind can do. You may have a learning difficulty if you often find yourself saying things like this:

• I know the words in this sentence, but I just can't make sense of it.

• I know this person is talking, but I don't understand what they're talking about.

• I recognize the numbers and math signs, but I don't know how to do the problem.

• I know I knew it once, but I don't know what it is now.

Outside Help

There are organizations listed in the Appendix that you may find useful. But help might be closer than you think.

Some schools and companies have tutoring available. They may also have consultants you can talk with. Often, these people can put you in touch with a learning specialist.

• If you're with a company, check your human resources department.

• If you're with a school, check the advisement and counseling offices.

When your seesaw is tilted to the point that your weaker way of learn­ing is damaging your self-confidence and keeping you from accomplishing your goals, you may have a learning disability. Most people with learning disabilities have average or above-average intelligence. If this is you, you're in good company. Albert Einstein, who made a great impact on physics, but couldn't count his change for the bus; and Winston Churchill, who made a great political and historical impact, but couldn't spell, are just two of the world's geniuses who had learning disabilities.

what do i look for?

Types of Disabilities

While there are many, many different kinds of learning disabilities, you'll read only about the common ones here. See the Appendix for sources of more information on all types.

If you should be diagnosed as having a learning disability (or combi­nation of disabilities), you might feel relieved. "Ah!" you might say, "there's a name for this and it can be dealt with!"

Dyslexia

Harold is dyslexic. His eyes see just fine, but the message from his eyes to his brain sometimes gets interrupted. Letters sometimes look like they're dancing on the page. Harold has to pay close attention to what he reads, and when he can, he gets books and hand-outs printed in large type. A tutor helped him learn to break words down into parts so he could read out loud and spell with fewer errors. He pays such close attention that he can read a page upside-down.

Auditory Processing Difficulties

Tami's ears hear fine, but the message from her ears to her brain is some­times garbled and sounds like she's listening on a phone with a poor con­nection. Sometimes it comes through clearly, sometimes not. She deals with this by taking notes and asking questions. She also asks teachers to write on the board and give her hand-outs.

Attention Deficit Disorder

Maude was born with an excessive need for attention, and she usually has difficulty paying attention to something for longer than ten minutes at a time. But for those ten minutes, she can really concentrate. She asks per­mission to sit by the instructor, so she'll be less likely to be distracted. She has learned to live with distraction; in fact, she has learned to use it to her advantage. She can work on several projects at the same time.

Short-Term Memory Difficulties

It is a real challenge for Jake to remember something recently said. He deals with it by carrying a notepad with him at all times, writing down what he wants to remember. When he's listening to a lecture, he tapes it so he can later replay it, a few minutes at a time. Each time he listens, he writes down what he wants to remember.

Get to Know Your Strengths and Weaknesses

Generally, we can all use help when it comes to learning. It's rare that any of us have perfectly balanced seesaws. Be aware of when you're under­standing a concept you're working to figure out. Keep a log of what's hap­pening to you. Look for patterns—of situations that are troublesome and situations that are helpful. Write in your log at least once each day. After a week or two, you should have a clearer picture of how you learn.

If you are meeting with someone at your school or workplace such as a learning consultant, psychologist, or tutor, bring your log and review it with her. The service is usually free for you. When you take an active part in diagnosing your learning weakness, you'll be better able to con­trol it, and even use it to your advantage.

In Short

You're a unique learner. You're different from everyone else—and everyone else is different from everyone else! Each of us has a learning difference. When you realize how your seesaw of learning strength and weakness operates, you can use your strength to get a handle on the learning weakness. You might even find a way to use it to your advantage!

Practice Tip

Keep track of yourself daily! When are you at your best: most confident, focused, and clear-headed? What is it that distracts you when you try to concentrate?

In a notebook, track yourself for at least a week. If it's reading you're concerned about, focus on reading. Concentrate on making things a lit­tle more comfortable than usual. For example, if you're eating cereal and reading the box and you suddenly realize that reading is easier for you than usual, write down the situation: "yellow box, green large let­ters, my eyes looking down." You may very well find that switching to large-type books is a help, and so is using yellow note paper instead of white. If you discover that you're really enjoying your new class because the teacher often explains concepts in big circles with connecting lines between them, make note of it and try to repeat it in other learning situations.

Appendix

Additional Resources

s you've discovered, there are many

parts to studying! Learning how you learn, knowing when you understand something and when you don't, making

questions, finding answers, dealing with different classroom situations, preparing for different kinds of tests, speaking and writing so others will understand what you mean—these are all parts of the study process. Check the following lists for publications and organizations useful to you in all these steps.

In addition to the nationally available resources listed here, your area is likely to have similar resources. For instance, many public libraries run programs that offer reading help. Check with your local library, high school, or community college to find out what's available in your area.

BASIC SKILLS: WRITING AND READING

Educational Solutions, Inc. 99 University Place New York, NY 10003 212-674-2988

Assorted materials on math, ESL, reading, speaking, spelling, and related topics are available.

Becoming A Writer by Bill Bernhardt and Peter Miller (St. Martin's Press, 1986)

Now out of print, but excerpts are available from the authors at The College of Staten Island 2800 Victory Boulevard Staten Island, NY 10314

Uses writing exercises to get you to want to write, to be aware of writing, and to edit your work.

Writing With Power, 2nd Ed., by Peter Elbow (Oxford University Press,

1998)

Helps you get your words on paper and teaches you to write clearly and effectively.

The Least You Should Know About English, 6th ed., by Teresa F. Glazier (Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1997)

Helps you straighten out words that look or sound like other words.

The Elements of Style by William Strunk, Jr., and E. B. White (Allyn and Bacon, 1995)

Helps you keep track of standard American syntax and grammar. Read Better, Remember More, 2 ed. by Elizabeth Chesla (LearningExpress,

2000)

(order information at the back of this book) Shows you how to remember what you read by helping you better understand what you read.

Grammar Essentials, 2 ed. by Judith F. Olson (LearningExpress, 2000)

(order information at the back of this book) Gives you all the essentials of standard grammar in an easy-to-use format.

study skills and test-taking

Ace Any Test, 3rd ed., by Ronald W. Fry (Career Press, 1996)

A quick and irreverent guide to test-taking, aimed at high school and college students but also good for adults.

How to Learn Anything Quickly: An Accelerated Program for Rapid Learning by Ricki Linksman (Citadel Press, 1996)

Like the book you have in your hand, this one focuses on learning styles, going into right- and left-brained thinking in more detail.

The Secrets of Taking Any Test, 2 ed. by Judith Meyers (LearningExpress,

2000)

(order information at the back of this book)

Specifically for adult learners, this book shows you how to get orga­nized and gives you tips on taking all kinds of tests, from classroom tests to civil service or licensure and certificate exams.

learning disabilities

The following organizations can put you in touch with people or organi­zations in your area for evaluations, support groups, training programs, advocacy and legal rights, and more. Call or write for free information.

Learning Disabilities Association of America 4156 Library Road Pittsburgh, PA 15234

412-341-1515

National Center for Learning Disabilities

381 Park Avenue South, Suite 1401

New York, NY 10016

888-575-7373 phone; 212-545-9665 fax

website: www.ncld.org

The Orton Dyslexia Society 71 West 23rd Street, Suite 1500 New York, NY 10010 800-222-3123 or 212-691-1930

Parents' Educational Resource Center Charles and Helen Schwab Foundation 1660 South Amphlett, Suite 200 San Mateo, CA 94402 800-471-9545 or 415-655-2410 website: www.perc-schwabfdn.org

Children and Adults with Attention Deficit Disorder (CH.A.D.D.)

499 N.W. 70th Avenue, Suite 101 Plantation, FL 33317-9952

website: http://www.chadd.org

You might want to try this helpful book:

Driven to Distraction by Edward Hallowell and John Ratey (Pantheon

Books, 1995)

True stories of people in different jobs and situations who have attention deficit disorder.

Date: 2015-01-02; view: 749