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Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov — the Founder of Practical Cosmonautics

Academician S. P. Korolyov is a famous scientist and founder of practical cosmonautics. He was the chief constructor of the first Earth sputniks and spaceships.

S. P. Korolyov was born in 1906 in the small Ukrainian town of Zhitomir into a family of teachers. He spent his childhood with his grandparents in the town of Nezhin where he studied at home with a teacher. In 1922, at the age of 15, Sergei Korolyov began to study at a vocational building school in Odessa, where he received his secondary education and became a builder.

He was interested in mathematics, literature and he read a great deal.

All his life he loved music.

In 1923 Sergei Korolyov joined a Glider Pilots' Club, where he learned to construct gliders and to fly them.

In 1925 Korolyov entered the Kiev Polytechnical Institute where he studied aviation and mathematics, but in the evening he had to work for money: he was a building worker, he worked at the post-office and he played very small roles in films.

After two years in Kiev Korolyov came to Moscow. In the day-time he worked at an aeroplane factory and in the evening he studied at the Moscow Higher Technical School. After lectures he worked at home on the design of a new glider.

At the Moscow Higher Technical School Korolyov learned about Ê. Å. Tsiolkovsky's ideas on space travell and about his rocket.

In 1930 S. P. Korolyov graduated from the Moscow Higher Technical School and became an aviation engineer. At the same time he finished the Moscow Pilot School.

During the Great Patriotic War S. P. Korolyov constructed a jet engine for aeroplanes and rockets. 67

On October 4, 1957 the first man-made sputnik of the Earth was launched into space. It was the result of thirty years hard work and Chief Constructor was S. P. Korolyov. Then dogs were sent into space and only after a lot of experiments the first cosmonaut in the world — Y. A. Gagarin launched into space in the spaceship "Vostok" on April 12, 1961.

After this there were many other longer and more difficult flights. Then followed rockets to the Moon, Mars and Venus.

S. P. Korolyov died in 1966. For his brilliant work in name of science and progress he was awarded twoof the Hero of Socialist Labour.

People will always remember the names of those who opened a new era in the conquest of outer space, and the number of it S. P. Korolyov is one of them.

Tasks to the topic:

1. When was S. P. Korolyov born?

2. Where did S. P. Korolyov begin to study?

3. What was he interested in?

4. What did he learn in 1923 when he joined a Glyder

Pilots' Club?

5. What did he study in Kiev Polytechnical Institute?

6. When did he come to Moscow?

7. When was the first man-made sputnik of the Earth launched into space?

8. Who was the first cosmonaut in the world?

 

 

What is a Manager?

A number of different terms are used for “manager”, including “director”, “administrator” and “president”. We can say that the term

“manager” is used more often in profit-making organizations and the others are used more widely in government and non-profit organizations such as universities, hospitals and social work agencies.



What is a manager?

A manager is a person who directly supervises people in an organization. He helps them to take decisions, he takes responsibilities, he appoints the directors of the departments and directs personal relationships.

Managing is a hard job. There is always some uncertainty in it and risk. There is a lot to be done and as a rule very little time to do it. The engineer can finish a design on a particular day, and the economist can accomplish the financial part of the plan at a certain time, but the manager’s work never stops. He is always busy if he wants his firm to make a success, to find some new methods and new spheres of production and not to waste time by just sitting and watching what others do and waiting when the time comes.

Here are some rules for the Manager. Do you agree with all of them?

1. Try to look very important.

2. Try to meet as many important in business people as possible.

3. Speak with authority.

4. Always keep the office door closed. This makes it look as if you are always at an important conference…

Here are some kinds of Managers

The Domineering Manager

This kind of manager is going to dictate what happens in his business. He is more interested in the production than in the needs of his employees.

The Team Manager

This kind of manager wants his employees to participate fully in the decision-making process.

The Survival Manager

This kind of manager is seldom ahead of the game. He seems unable to meet the production deadlines.

The above examples of managerial styles suggest that good managers are highly motivated and interested in the welfare of their

employees. On the one hand, this means that the work place should be stable and as free of uncertainties as possible. On the other hand, the manager should expect his employees to perform well. Work well done will bring rewards to all.

 


Date: 2016-01-05; view: 1038


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