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Exercise 53. Study What Tools a Doctor Carries to Work.

To the right is an example of the TOOLS CARRIED BY an "average doctor": 1 = a pressure cuff for taking blood, 2 = a stethoscope for listening to body sounds, 3 = a calculator for adjusting drug doses, 4 = a tape measure, 5 = a personal organizer/pda, 6 = an otoscope to look in ears, 7 = an ophthalmoscope to examine eyes, 8 = a light, 9 = a patella hammer for checking reflexes, 10 = a name tag and pen of choice - 'cause we write a lot!

It's important to remember that specialists will carry different tools to work and some doctors don't even use stethoscopes - for example a dermatologist doesn't need to listen to your skin. And other instruments are so big, like ultrasounds, they're left at work. And of course, the most important tool a doctor must carry to work each day is their brain :)

 

Exercise 54. Read the text “How a Doctor Visit Works”. Make up five types of questions to it.

 

How a Doctor Visit Works

When something goes wrong with your body you VISIT A DOCTORto get it working right again!

The first thing your doctor will do when you sit in front of him or her is ask you questions. This is because they need to narrow their search down to what two or three problems you most likely have.

A good interview alone can lead a clinician to a correct guess diagnosis most of the time.

This is because diseases tend to have unique signatures, i.e. their symptoms repeat again and again like fingerprints in persons they strike.

Once your doctor has an idea what might be your problem they then look for proof. This is done by examining you, looking for physical evidence, and through tests related to your complaints.

With all this information together, your doctor then makes a logical calculation of your diagnosis like this:

Symptoms + PHYSICAL FINDINGS + Test Results = Diagnosis

Of these three inputs, physical findings are regarded highest, i.e. if a doctor listens to your chest and hears fluid in it, s/he will treat you for this even if your chest x-ray looks normal and blood tests says that your oxygen level is fine.

After diagnosis your doctor then provides a standardized treatment /prescription for your ailment. These treatments are developed by university hospitals and large clinical trials which compare treatments for effectiveness. The best results from these studies are then printed and circulated as treatment recommendations to physicians.

Diagnosis is very important to doctors because it is the language that doctors think in. A diagnosis X is a name for a disease which has X symptoms, X physical findings, and X test results. The beauty of a diagnosis label is that another doctor seeing you for the first time immediately knows what symptoms you probably have, what to expect physically, and what your treatment should be.

The last step after treatment is follow-up. This means a repeat visit to your doctor where s/he checks that you are back to normal. Chronic illnesses like diabetes and high blood pressure where the problem never goes away, need long-term follow-up every couple of months to monitor that the disease is staying under control and not getting worse.



 

 

Exercise 55. On the left there are examples of twelve useful verbs in medicine, on the right there are definitions of the verbs. Read the examples and match the verbs (in italics) with the definitions. Then write the infinitive forms into the spaces in the definitions on the right. The first one has been done for you as an example.

 

EXAMPLES DEFINITIONS
  1. After the accident the passengers were treated in hospital for cuts.   2. He depends on drugs to relieve the pain. 3. He specializes in children with breathing problems. 4. She suffers from headaches. 5. She was vaccinated against smallpox as a child. 6. Some forms of cancer still cannot be cured. 7. The calamine lotion will soothe the pain. 8. The doctor diagnosed appendicitis. 9. The doctor prescribed a course of antibiotics. 10. The drug suppresses the body's natural instinct to reject the transplanted tissue. 11. The operation may endanger the life of the patient. 12. The surgeons decided to operate as the only way of saving the baby's life.     a) diagnose means to identify a patient’s condition. b) means to look after a sick or injured person. c) means to make a patient healthy. d) means to put at risk. e) means to give instructions for a patient to get a certain dosage of a drug. f) means to study or treat one particular disease or one particular type of patient. g) means to have an illness for a long time. h) means to treat a patient by cutting open the body and removing, replacing or repairing a part. i) means to give a person immunization against a specific disease. j) means to relieve pain. k) means to rely on or need something. l) means to remove a symptom.

 

 

Exercise 56. Which itemin the listof instruments and equipment does each one refer to? The first one has been done for youas an example.

 

LIST OF INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT

bandage; catheter; curette; drain; forceps; gag; hook; pipette; probe; scalpel; sling; splint; stethoscope; stretcher; syringe; thermometer; tourniquet; wheelchair  

 

a) A chair with wheels in which an invalid can sit and move around is a wheelchair.   b) A small, sharp pointed knife used in surgery   c) An instrument used to explore inside a cavity or wound   d) An instrument similar to a pair of scissors, used for holding and pulling   e) A long spoon, used for scraping the inside of an organ   f) A thin glass tube used for taking and measuring samples of liquids   g) A device used to constrict an artery and reduce the flow of blood   h) An instrument with a bent end, used for holding structures apart   i) A tube used to remove liquid from the body or the site of an operation   j) An instrument which is placed between a patient's teeth to stop him closing his mouth   k) A tube with a plunger which slides inside it, forcing the contents out through a needle   l) A tube which is passed into the body along one of the passages   m) A piece of cloth which is wrapped wound a wound or injured limb   n) A triangular piece of cloth attached around the neck, used to support a broken arm   o) A folding bed, with handles, on which an injured person can be carried by two people   p) A stiff support attached to a limb to prevent a broken bone from moving two earpieces connected to a tube and a metal disc, used to listen to sounds inside the body   q) A device used for measuring temperature  

 

Extension. Work with a partner and test each other. For example: What do you call a chair with wheels in which an invalid can sit and move around

 

Exercise 57. Fill in the gaps with the correct words from the box.

 

immune system itchy lab ICU immunized life support inflamed incision IV injuries lab results inconclusive internal infant infected

 

1. Her ___ were minor; just a few cuts and bruises.

2. Babies are ___ three times in their first year.

3. I had to have stitches to close the___.

4. The woman has severe brain damage and is currently on___.

5. My right ankle was so ___ it was twice the size of my left one.

6. She will remain in the ___ until she can breathe on her own.

7. The doctors will be monitoring her for any ___ bleeding.

8. If you are allergic to this medication your skin will get red and___.

9. The toddler was so dehydrated that the doctor decided to get him on an___.

10. The ___ have come in and you are free to go home.

11. I'll take these samples down to the ___ on my way out.

12. We have to do more x-rays because the first ones were___.

13. The nurse will demonstrate how to bathe an___.

14. You can't have visitors because your ___ is low.

15. The wound should be covered when you swim to prevent it from becoming___.

 

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

 

Exercise 58. Nowadays a lot of people prefer alternative medicine (different from typical western systems). For example:

acupuncture, chiropractic, herbal medicine, homeopathy, and aromatherapy. What do we call the type of alternative medicine which …

  1. uses herbs and other natural plants?
  2. uses oils which smell nice and are rubbed into your body?
  3. uses needles to stick into specific parts of your body?
  4. uses tiny amounts of substances which cause the illness the doctor is trying to cure?
  5. manipulates your spine and bones to ease backache and other pains?

 

 

Have you ever tried any of the medicine described above?

If YES, was it helpful/painful/expensive?

Why did you decide to try it?

 

 

Exercise 59. 1. LISTEN to the radio programme about holistic medicine and complete the chart with some of the differences between Western and holistic medicine.

Western medicine Holistic medicine
   

 

 

  1. What are the three stories discussed on the programme? What were the patients suffering from?
  2. What is the system that Glenna Gullingham is trying to set up?
  3. Why, in her opinion, is holistic medicine becoming more popular?

 

Exercise 60. What do YOU think?

Do you agree with Miss Gullingham that we are becoming more health conscious? Have your attitudes to health care changed at all?

 

 

WRITING

Exercise 61. Write your friend a letter describing your last visit to the doctor. Mention

  • your complaints,
  • the appointment,
  • the doctor’s diagnosis and
  • recommendations.

 


Date: 2016-01-03; view: 2418


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