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The Ethnogenesis of the Kyrgyz People in the 15-16th centuries and the formation of Kyrgyzs on the present territory of Kyrgyzstan.

The ethno genesis of the Kyrgyz people is a very complicated and disputable issue. One of the reasons is that historical sources fixed the existence of two ethnic communities under the name Kyrgyz. The first community, recorded in the earlier historical period, was found in Southern Siberia on the Yenisei River till 13th century, and the second one, of the later period, since 15th-16th century, populated the eastern part of Central Asia, the Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai Mountains. Since the Kyrgyz had no written literature of their own until the late 19th century and didn’t play a significant political role after the establishment of the Great Kyrgyz Empire in the 9-10th centuries, their ethnic history is not always discernible and even known.

There was no unanimous opinion regarding the ethno genesis of the Kyrgyz in the historiography of Soviet and post-Soviet years. Three main theories took place:

  • The modern Kyrgyz ethnic group migrated from the Yenisei River to Tienshan. Miller first mentioned that theory. However, Bernshtam considered that migration not a one-stage but many-staged process;
  • The modern Kyrgyz ethnic group was formed on the basis of indigenous tribes who inhabited the Tienshan territory since the ancient time. This view was supported by Valikhanov, Bichurin, Aristov;
  • The modern Kyrgyz ethnic group was developed as a result of two main elements: the local and the alien (Yenisei Kyrgyz).

 

That is, in the 15th - early 16th centuries the Kyrgyz ethnic group was formed in the Tienshan Mountains. The Kyrgyz didn’t have their own state. A basic form of political organization was a tribal confederation, built around family. In the 16th century all Kyrgyz tribes was divided into two wings on (right) and sol (left). Later on, the group of tribes was separated from the right wing and formed an independent group ichkilik (middle).

The right wing, the most numerous, included sarybagysh, bugu, sayak, solto, jediger, tynynseit, mongoldor, bagysh, baaryn, basyz, cherik, joru, boru, bargy, karabagysh and other tribes and inhabited Northern Kyrgyzstan. Kushchu, saru, munduz, jetagen, kytai, chonbagysh, basyg, toboi of the left wing occupy the Talas valley. Ichkilik, represented by kypchak, naiman, teyit, kesek, jookesek, kagdy, boston, noigut, doolos, avat, populates the south of Kyrgyzstan.

There are many legends about the origin of the name Kyrgyz. Kyrk + Kyz = 40 girls, Kyrk + Yz = 40 tribes, Kyryg + Yz = Red People, and others.

Ideological factors played a great role in the consolidation of Kyrgyz tribes: the adoption of Islam by Tienshan Kyrgyzs and the Manas Kyrgyz epic that finally was formed in Tienshan.

 

 


Date: 2015-01-02; view: 1174


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The Timurids in the History of Central Asia and Kyrgyzstan in the 14-16th centuries and their Conquest of Mogholistan. | The Relationships of the Kyrgyz with the Koqand Khanate in the 18-19th centuries. The Rebellion of 1873-1876 against Kokand Khanate.
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