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Listening and speaking

Exercise 1. You are going to watch ‘BNSF Locomotive Technology.’ The BNSF Railway is one of seven North American Class I railroads and the second-largest freight railroad network in North America.

Before you watch a video answer the questions.

 

1) What is technology?

2) What advances in locomotive technology do you think this video is about?

 

Exercise 2. Watch the video. Which words do you hear?

 

1) look for way, 2) medium-distance transportation, 3) low emission 4) technical developments, 5) electric traction, 6) technological innovation, 7) switch locomotive, 8) industry leader

 

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences.

 

1) ______, fewer emissions, and reduced highway congestion make rail the most environmentally-friendly form of land transportation.

2) In addition, BNSF has introduced more efficient and cleaner operating diesel engines to yard ______, the ultra low-emission jet set locomotives at three fuel efficient engines that start and stop ______ to match operating power ______.

3) BNSF is also testing several locomotives that use alternative fuels including liquid ______ and biodiesel.

4) The latest concept locomotive is the ______ fuel cell switch locomotive.

5) BNSF plans to continue to be an industry leader in ______, ______, and implementing green technology, not just for its locomotives but across all parts of its operations.

 

Exercise 4. Choose the correct variant to complete the sentence.

 

The testing helps identify ___ of the new technology.

1) the profits as well as the losses

2) the advances as well as the pitfalls

3) the benefits as well as the challengers

 

Exercise 5. Is this exactly what you hear?

 

1) BNSF railway can move one ton of freight from Los Angeles to Chicago on more than 5 gallons of diesel fuel. (yes/no)

2) And BNSF continues to look for way to reduce its locomotive fleet to become more fuel efficient and environmentally-friendly. (yes/no)

3) BNSF is retiring older less efficient locomotives while adding more than 1600 new switch locomotives. (yes/no)

4) These locomotives are up to 15% more fuel efficient than the units they replaced and are the cleanest-burning locomotives available for heavy-haul freight movement. (yes/no)

5) BNSF believes it is in the best interest of our company and our nation to look at sustainable alternative technologies and fuels. (yes/no)

 

Language spot

Relative clauses

 

Exercise 1. Put in who/that/which/whose/where.

 

1) A driver is a person ________ job is to control the movements of the train.

2) We had no difficulty finding the railway station. We asked a policeman _______ was very helpful.

3) Electric traction can be used on the lines _______ the traffic is sufficiently dense and high capital investment can be repaid.

4) Stone and brick buildings replaced the wooden sheds, _______ often caught fire from the sparks of a passing steam locomotive.



5) At locations _______ it is desired to have trains pass each other, a passing siding is constructed.

6) The railroad industry has a safety record ________ is the envy of many other industries.

 

Exercise 2. Sometimes the preposition comes at the beginning of the relative clause before which in formal English. Complete the sentences using a preposition at the beginning of the relative clause. Use the information in brackets.

 

1) (In Russia, 43,100 km of track are electrified.) Russia has the second largest network in the world with 85,200 km of track, 43,300 km of which are electrified.

2) (Vehicles are joined together into trains by different means.) The means ________ are of two kinds – automatic and non- automatic.

3) (Communities are frequently proud of their passenger stations.) Passenger stations are frequently civic centres _________.

4) (In the highway system signs and signals largely supplement what the driver sees.) Unlike the highway system, _________ the rail control system must provide the driver with information beyond the immediate visual scene.

5) (The rails are laid with a small space between the ends since rails expand and contract a little with changes of temperature.) Since rails expand and contract a little with changes of temperature, a small space is left between rail ends in relation to the temperature _________.

 


Date: 2016-01-03; view: 926


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Exercise 2. Match a word in A with a word in B. | Exercise 3. You must use that when it is the subject of the relative clause. When it is the object, you can leave it out. Choose the sentences in which you don’t need that.
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