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Lecture 17 Certification in Developing Countries

 

Lecture plan:

1 During the period of the license ISI provides:

2 Natsionalnye certification systems in India and Thailand

Certification and product labeling sign of compliance and has spread to developing countries. Organizational principles of national certification systems in these countries comply with the principles of third-party certification , which is determined on the one hand, the experience accumulated by the industrialized countries in this region , and developing countries are willing to borrow his deal with quality products, on the other hand - the fact that the Committee on certification ISO published the full set of recommendations on the organization of national certification systems.

In those developing countries that have established national certification system , the governing body for the national certification fulfill the national standards bodies that set the rules for issuing licenses for labeling the mark of conformity , oversee production, organized routine test samples, etc. However, in many developing countries, testing laboratories are either absent or ill-equipped testing and measuring equipment , so the testing of product samples performed by the Manufacturer .

In India, for example , the certification mark of conformity was introduced by the Law on the certification mark of the 1952 manual system of marking with product compliance with Indian standards imposed on the Indian Standards Institute (ISI).

Any manufacturer , condusive test and control base, has the right to appeal to the ISI for a license for labeling the mark of conformity , provided that it meets the criteria.

Upon receipt of the application ISI organizes survey on a provision of measuring and test equipment , ranging from control of incoming input materials , components, parts and components , up to the final product. After that, the company receives a license to labeling their products.

Each license issued by the Institute includes a circuit testing of product samples and supervision.

During the period of the license ISI provides:

- Periodic ( unannounced) site visits by special inspectors ISI, during which samples are taken of the products to be tested in the laboratories of ISI or other independent testing facilities ;

- Also tested product samples taken from trade ;

ISI investigates complaints of buyers or consumers on the quality of products marked with the mark of conformity . If such complaints are substantiated , the organized replacement of defective products by the manufacturer .

The most important requirement of the system is to obtain objective data on the results of product testing , which set forth the condition that the results of tests conducted by a testing division of the company and an independent testing laboratory, the same. If there are discrepancies , the ISI determines the cause and , where necessary, impose sanctions to the company until the suspension of the license.

Mark of conformity of products to Indian standards is not mandatory, except in cases when the central government or the individual states decide on mandatory standards, such as safety , health, as well as for exports . Thus, in accordance with the adopted in 1978, marine customs regulations prohibited the export of the aluminum cookware , if it is not marked with the match. Export Rules prescribe tea , the tea was packed in special boxes , marked with ISI. According to the Law on the export list of approved products which are marked with a mark of conformity , and before sending it checked by inspectors appointed by the Indian Council for Control of exports.



In addition, the various ministries of the central government of the several States , national organizations prefer to buy products that carry the mark of conformity ISI, which contributes to the spread of certification among Indian industrialists.

The term of the license and one year after has extended , for which the company refers to the ISI with the application not later than one month before the expiration of the license . In case of violation of the rules of labeling ISI mark of conformity Indian Institute of Standards may impose a fine on the culprit.

ISI mark of conformity can not be assigned to foreign products , because not registered in more than one country.

System of labeling ISI issued more than 10,000 licenses that apply to agricultural products , machinery, chemicals , electrical and electronic industries , etc.

In other developing country - Thailand guide certification system provides Thai Industrial Standards Institute TISI, organized as a government agency under the Ministry of Industry in accordance with the standards for industrial products from 1968 .

The country has established two types of mark of conformity standards TISI: one applies to products subject to mandatory labeling , the other - optional . Regulations provide for the suspension of a reference mark of conformity to the standard.

Conformity mark registered by the current legislation on the protection of trade marks. Resolution on the labeling of products provides sign TISI Thai Industrial Standards Institute .

Industrial management system in a subdivision TISI certification in charge of planning, licensing , the subsequent control of the quality of products , etc. Qualified inspectors assess the level of organization of the process of production, product samples were taken for testing by independent testing laboratories . The results of evaluation of enterprises and sample tests , together with recommendations on the issuance of licenses for product labeling, process changes, license suspension and other submitted to the Council on Standards for industrial products , which also resolves disputes between TISI and the respective manufacturers .

The imported products subject to compulsory certification in the labeling on the same terms as the products of domestic enterprises .

Allowed alternative : either the imported product is certified for compliance with the Thai standards, or by the Board of Standards imported product can be labeled national conformity of the exporting country , if the standard against which products have been tested , corresponds to the same standard Thai .

The certification system TISI based on continuous monitoring of the production and testing of products in the quantities and with the frequency depending on the type of product and process design. The samples were tested in the laboratories of the Ministry, universities and other laboratories , independent of manufacturers and consumers . Most of the costs of the certification is funded by the state. Little tax is charged upon application , issue a license . And, in tests of products subject to mandatory labeling , the company assumes no cost .

According to the law on standards for industrial products in violation of the conditions of certification ( labeling ) , for example, labeling of products subject to compulsory certification , without a license , selling products not conforming to the requirements of the standards , the culprits are fined or go to court .

In many countries, government procurement preference is given to certified products. National certification and labeling compliance sign up in developing countries, such as Colombia, Turkey and others, but in most developing countries do not have national certification, which is due to the lack of national standards. Many continue to use the standards of the former colonial powers. Even in countries that have established national certification , there is no suitably equipped testing laboratories.

In this context it will be interesting to note the role of the branches of the largest multinational companies in the creation of certification in many developing countries in Southeast Asia. It is known that the cause of the dislocation of the enterprises in developing countries have seen a monopoly for cheap labor . However , with the widespread introduction of the industrialized countries of national certification schemes have been adopted emergency measures to certification organizations in developing countries. This can be explained by the fact that the development of the fundamental documents of the international system of certification of electronic equipment IEC , Hong Kong, who was not a member of the IEC, began to take steps to participate in this system, the country's enterprises , which produce electronic equipment (and they are branches in most major Western monopolies ) .

It should be recognized that the organization of certification systems in developing countries contribute to the quality of products, especially designed for export. The experience of India, where national standards for the products included several levels of quality, depending on the size of companies and their equipment with modern equipment. This allows enterprises regardless of the level of technology to ensure compliance with specified requirements .

 

Control questions :

 

1. Osobennosti national systems in developing countries

2. Natsionalnye certification systems in India and Thailand

3. Deyatelnost Thailand Institute of industrial standardization TISI

 

 


Date: 2016-01-03; view: 704


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