CATEGORIES:
BiologyChemistryConstructionCultureEcologyEconomyElectronicsFinanceGeographyHistoryInformaticsLawMathematicsMechanicsMedicineOtherPedagogyPhilosophyPhysicsPolicyPsychologySociologySportTourism
Explain the differentiation of societies according their level of technology, communication and economy.The differentiation of societies can be based on their level of technology, communication and economy: hunters and gatherers (hunting is the practice to capture or kill animals, usually wild, in principle to the provision of food, leather or other materials; In the past, hunting was a primary source of sustenance for the man, especially at this stage); simple agricultural (crops and / or farms for direct consumption of rural households. Only a small amount of crops, the surplus is sold to the market or traded for other goods), advanced agricultural (agricultural products are sold and create income), industrial (society emerged from the industrial revolution and are characterized by use of the machines for the production of goods on a large scale), special (such as fishing societies).
6 - What the main differencies between industrial and post-industrial societies? Finally, from the late 1970s sociologists and anthropologists suggested the theories of post-industrial societies, arguing that the current era of industrial society is coming to an end, and services and information are becoming more important than industry and goods.
7 - What the main features of Neolithic Revolution? During neolithic period, polished stone tools were made from a variety of hard rocks such as flint, jade, jadeite and greenstone. The Neolithic Revolution involved radical changes in agricultural technology which included development of agriculture, animal domestication, and the adoption of permanent settlements.
8 - What historical period is called – Iron age? What the main features of this age? The Iron Age (a period from the late second millennium around the first millennium BC) involved the adoption of iron smelting technology. It generally replaced bronze, and made it possible to produce tools which were stronger and cheaper to make than bronze equivalents. 9 - What and where the main Ancient civilizations were on our globe? By 1000 BC – 500 BC, the Germanic tribes had a Bronze Age civilization, while the Celts were in the Iron Age by the time of the Hallstatt culture. Their cultures collided with the military and agricultural practices of the Romans. The Egyptians invented and used many simple machines, such as the ramp to aid construction processes. The Indus Valley Civilization, situated in a resource-rich area, is notable for its early application of city planning and sanitation technologies. Ancient India was also at the forefront of seafaring technology, materials engineering, hydrology, and sanitation.
10 - What the main technological milestones were created by Greek innovations? Ancient Greek innovations were particularly in mechanical technology: water mill, aeolipile, right-angled gear, the screw, water turbine, Archimedes screw, the suction pump, the bucket-chain, the force pump, the double-action piston pump, water organ, the dial and pointer, astrolabe, the catapult, central heating, the tunnel excavated from both ends by scientific calculations. In horizontal vertical and transport great progress resulted from the invention of the crane. Further newly created techniques and items were spiral staircases, sliding calipers, showers.
11 - What periods are called Industrial revolution? How they differs? The industrial revolution is divided into 3 parts: the first, British Industrial Revolution, takes place between 1760 and 1820, is characterized by developments in the areas of textile manufacturing, mining, metallurgy and transport driven by the development of the steam engine. Coal converted to coke gave the blast furnace and cast iron in much larger amounts than before, and a range of structures could be created, such as the Iron bridge. The development of the high-pressure steam engine made locomotives possible, and a transport revolution followed. The steam engine was applied to both steamboat and railway transportation. The first purpose built railway line was opened between Manchester and Liverpool in 1830. Other technologies were explored for the first time, including the light bulb. The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of rapid industrialization in the final third of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th. The Second Industrial Revolution is generally dated between 1870 and 1914 up to the start of World War I. Advancements in manufacturing and production technology enabled the widespread adoption of preexisting technological systems such as telegraph and railroad networks, gas and water supply, and sewage systems, which had earlier been concentrated to a few select cities. In the same period new systems were introduced, most significantly electrical power and telephones. With "Third industrial revolution" refers to the processes of transformation of the productive structure, and in general of the socio-economic, occurred in the developed Western countries in the second half of the twentieth century from the second World War, and with a strong drive for innovation technological and consequent economic development / progress of society.
12 - What technologies will be base for 21st century development? Why? In the 21st century, technology is being developed even more rapidly, especially in electronics and biotechnology. Broadband Internet access became commonplace in developed countries, as did connecting home computers with music libraries and mobile phones. Research is ongoing into quantum computers, nanotechnology, bioengineering, nuclear fusion, advanced materials, superconductivity, and green technologies such as alternative fuels and more efficient LEDs and solar cells. These resources will help the earth, as it will help human development without worsening the conditions of the planet.
13 - What types of stone found are most suitable for tools making? Why? The type of stone found most suitable for the purpose is flint. Humans create objects very useful to hunt, to keep foods safe and to do different jobs. Among the most sought stones processed was Flint, as it was the one that best meet the need.
14 - What technological materials were used in pre-neolithic and neolithic periods? The Neolithic man had learned to polish the stone and get it increasingly perfected tools such as hoes, scythes, axes, plows, bows, arrows and spears. He realized millstones to crush the grains of cereals and obtain flour. The man discovered the clay, that is a land that mixed with water becomes soft and can be processed to produce pots, cups, plates. Moreover man learned to work metals, and invented the wheel, a circular object capable of rotating around a central axis; the first wheels were a simple wood disc with a hole in the middle.
15 - What types of tools and items of household were made from bone? Long bone fragments can be shaped, by scraping against an abrasive stone, into such items as arrow and spear points, needles, awls, and fish hooks. The scapulae of bison and elk could be made into hoes, and the foreleg bones of deer could be worked into awls. Other types of tools are fishhooks and knives. Also a bone flute was recovered in an Archaic site.
16 - What types of weapons were made from timber? Since Neolithic times were produced tools and weapons of wood. typical wooden weapons like bats, boomerangs, spears, arches, and then were invented catapults. The wood was also used to make defensive walls, as Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall Timber.
Viking age. The Viking Age of Scandinavian history is the period from the 790 until the 1066. Viking navigators opened the road to new lands to the north, west and east, resulting in the foundation of independent settlements. The planks from which Viking vessels were constructed were made from large, old-growth trees-especially oaks. These ships could carried 100 warriors.
Timber framing. Half-timbered construction in the Northern European vernacular building style is characteristic of medieval and early modern Europe (England, Germany, France and Switzerland) where timber was in good supply yet stone and associated skills to dress the stonework were in short supply. In half-timbered construction timbers that were riven in half provided the complete skeletal framing of the building. The earliest surviving (French) half-timbered buildings date from the 12th century. Timber framing in Germany was the most popular building technique from the 12th to the 19th century. Timber trestle bridges have been used to cross waterways since ancient times.
Date: 2016-01-03; view: 902
|