By of through in as to for of for in

1. High temperatures and humidity may result … heat-related illnesses. 2. Gases … mines can poison the workers or displace the oxygen in the mine. 3. For this reason, rock dusts such … limestone dust are spread throughout coal mines. 4. The air circulation necessary … the effective ventilation of a mine is generated by one or more large mine fans. 5. Air flows in one direction only, making circuits … the mine. 6. The presence of heavy equipment in confined spaces also poses a risk … miners. 7. … this reason, water is often used to cool rock cutting sites. 8. Ignited methane gas is a common source … explosions in coal mines. 9. The concentration of methane and other airborne contaminants underground can generally be controlled … dilution.10. Coal dust explosions can also begin independently … methane gas explosions.

14. Fill in the articles, if necessary:

1. Poor ventilation of the mines causes exposure to … harmful gases. 2. …mining entails removing dirt and rock from its natural location. 3. Air flows in … one direction only. 4. Miners utilize equipment strong enough to break through extremely hard layers of … Earth's crust. 5. Modern mines use automation and remote operation to improve … safety of mine workers. 6. For … this reason, water is often used to cool rock cutting sites. 7. The air circulation necessary for the effective ventilation of … mine is generated by one or more large mine fans. 8. Modern techniques for timbering and bracing walls and ceilings within sub-surface mines have reduced … number of fatalities. 9. They can trap mine workers deep … underground. 10. Mining today is substantially safer than it was in … previous decades.

15. A three-minute talk. Discuss these questions with your group mates:

a) famous mine accidents;

B) means of individual protection in mining.

16. Complete a project: “How green are you?”

SUPLEMENTARY READING

Ergonomics and Safety

Drilling Efficiency

Efficient drilling is a function of many individual aspects, both mechanical and human. While it is necessary to have a powerful and easily-maneuverable drill rig, it is also important to take good care of the operator's needs, and those of the external environment. What value is a machine that is too noisy, or cannot be operated in harsh weather? Operator comfort and safety has to be planned into the modern drilling at the drawing board stage of design. To get maximum return on investment, the owner needs to be sure that the drill rig is designed to work in all conditions, without the operator getting unduly tired, and with minimum disturbance of the environment in the neighborhood of the site. All Atlas Copco drill-rigs re designed with these parameters in mind.

In addition, a whole array of options is available to control the inclination, alignment and depth of drillholes, in order to get the maximum rock breaking effect from the minimum drilling effort, reducing noise and dust, and saving time, money, and materials.

Operator's Cabin

The interplay between man and machine starts in the operator's cab, and Atlas Copco has expended great effort in the development of a well conceived, purpose-built cab. Even the smallest details have been considered to produce a modern workstation, not only in terms of mechanical function, but also paying attention to the requirements of ergonomics, safety and the environment. The cabin offers a superb view of the drillhole from the operator's seat, facilitating accurate collaring and control of the drilling operation. The angled, laminated glass windscreen is equipped with a large wiper, as are the right hand side and roof windows, and improved air ventilation effectively clears condensation mist from all of these windows. A jumbo-sized rear-view mirror gives good visibility and safer rig moving. In addition, the spacious cab gives good moveability and comfort for the operator, with easy-to-read instrumentation that is simple to learn and to use. A mechanized tube-permutation system enables any damaged drill rods to be identified from the operator's cab. The service hatches are easily accessed, but are also lockable, as a good security precaution at isolated worksites. The cabins are even equipped with a 12-volt outlet for mobile telephone.

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 587