Speech as an activity

Vyhotskyi, Luriys and others believe that speech is like a human’s activity. It consists of four major elements:

1. Motive which is the purpose of the beginning of an activity;
2. Purpose is a realized imagination of a result which must be reached in communication;
3. Action is a realization of something with a concrete purpose;
4. Operation is the method of realization the action.

(dialogue 1)

Speech typology

1. According to the participation/non-participation of a language code. It is divided into verbal (dialogue 2) and non-verbal (dialogue 3).
2. According to the form of language code means realization. It is subdivided into oral (dialogue 4), written (dialogue 5) and printed (this kind of speech was not invented in that time) communications.
3. According to the theme of speech (dialogue 6).
4. According to the purpose of speech. It is divided into formal (dialogue 7) and informal (dialogue 8).
5. According to the measure of officialism. It is divided into official (dialogue 9) and non-official (dialogue 10).
6. According to the quantity of interlocutors. It is divided into MIZHOSOBUSTNISTE (dialogue 11); communication in frames of a small communicative group (dialogue 12); public (dialogue 13); mass (was not found in the film); cross cultural communications (dialogue 14).
7. According to the social features. It is divided into personal oriented (dialogue 15b) and social oriented (dialogue 16).
8. According to the freedom of a choice of a partner. It is divided into initiative (dialogue 17) and forced (dialogue 18) speeches.
9. According to the length of speech. It is divided into constant, periodic, long-term, short-term. In this film constant coincides with long-term communication (dialogue 19) and periodic coincides with short-communication (20).

Laws of speech

1. The law of mirror reflection: the interlocutors try to imitate the each others style, while communicating (dialogue 21).
2. The law of the dependence of the effectiveness of communication on communicative efforts: the more a speaker spend communicative efforts, the more effective his speech is (dialogue 22).
3. The law of communicative self- remainance: usually a new idea doesn’t taken into account, doubtful. Sometime later it can be proved (dialogue 23).
4. The law of communicative rhythm: it depends on profession, gender, age and other features (24).
5. The law of creditability of comprehensible utterance: the easier the speaker express his thoughts, the easier the receiver understand his messages (dialogue 25).
6. The law of attracting a criticism: the more famous a human-being is, the more rumours appear (dialogue 26).
7. The law of emotional affliction: the “same-mooded” persons want to gather together in a group and conduct a conversation (dialogue 27).
8. The law of rapid spreading of negative information. (28).

DIALOGUES:

- Let me out, please! Abbot, Bessie, I am frightened. Let me out, let me out, Bessie.

- Are you feel right? What a dreadful noise.

- Let me out. I saw a light. Maybe it was a ghost.

- You silly child. That was Ruddock the gardener with a lantern.

- I thought it was my uncle.

- You screamed on purpose. You naughty girl.

- Come on my darling. John, dear, one for you and one for Georgina.

- Thank you, mama.

- And one for my darling Elisa.

- Thank you, mama.

When Mr. Brocklehurst pointed with his finger on the place, where Jane had to stand.

Very often young ladies showed their respect by a bow.

- What the matter with you? Would you like a drink or water?

- No, Mrs. Reed.

- Jane, I desire to be your friend.

- You do not.

Yes, I was a teacher and loved it. But since Helen has died my only friend remained Mrs. Reed (Jane’s letter)

- Miss Eyre, please, miss Eyre.

- Very well, Marry.

- B-O-U-G-H. Bough of a tree and B-O-W. Bow

- Very good. I am very pleased with you. Learn the next words in your book for tomorrow.

- I have an announcement concerning the charges alleged in your presence against Jane Eyre one week ago. Jane Eyre come toward. Up here. Stand beside me. Teaches, girls, I have made inquires concerning these charges of a person fully informed. I am most happy to pronounce her innocent of every imputation made against her

- Is your book interesting?

- I like it.

- What is it about? There are no pictures. I like wild mysterious stories with pictures.

- What year did Charles I came to the throne? Fuller.

- 1610.

- Wrong! Burns.

- 1625, miss.

- Someone has prompted you?

- No, miss.

- I don’t believe you. Hold your head up. Don’t hand before me in that attitude.

- Is your book interesting?

- I like it.

- What is it about? There are no pictures. I like wild mysterious stories with pictures.

- How do people do to get a new place? Apply for friends? I have no friends. Or … advertise?

- What the matter with you? Would you like a drink or water?

- No, Mrs. Reeds.

- His first favourite was George Villiors, duke Buckingham. He was assassinated at 1628. Charles then fell under the influence of his wife who was catholic…

- Are you an orphan?

- My mother is dead and my father remarried.

- Are you happy here?

- You ask rather too many questions. I want to read.

- Hold out your hand? You dirty, disagreeable girl. You did not clean your nails.

- Yes, miss. I did.

- You dare to contradict me and lie to me1 Did I not say you were a liar.

- If she struck me so much I would break that rod under her nose.

- No, you wouldn’t. If you did, Mr. Brocklehurst would expel you. The Bible bids us return good for evil.

- If people were always obedient to those who are unjust, the wicked would grow worse and worse.

- I should like some tea!

- Of course.

- Do you expect a present, Mrs. Eyre? Are you fond of present?

- I have little experience of them. They are generally pleasant things.

- What the matter with you? Would you like a drink or water?

- No, Mrs. Reed.

- Jane, I desire to be your friend.

- You do not.

- Is your book interesting?

- I like it.

- What is it about? There are no pictures. I like wild mysterious stories with pictures.

- Where is Helen Burns? She wasn’t cone down to the garden.

- Helen Burns. No. I fear she took a turn for the worse. She is very poorly. Her complaint is not typhus. It is consumption. Helen is not with us for long.

- It is not ladylike to strike a young gentleman, your benefactress son. Your master!

- Master! How is he my master? Am I a servant?

- You are less than a servant.

- You must shun her example. Avoid her company and exclude her from your sports. Teachers, you must watch her, punish her body to save her soul…

- Surely you have a ghost!

- A ghost?

- (Ha-ha-ha-ha)

- Did you hear that? Who is it?

- Oh, perhaps, Grays Poole. She sews up here. She and Leeh are sometimes noisy.

- (HA-ha-ha-ha)

- Grays, Grays. Too much noise. Grays. Remember directions.

Jane Eyre’s communication is moveable. While being a pupil she had to listen a lot and being a teacher she used to talk much longer.

- Miss Eyre, I should be glad if you would talk with me tomorrow 6 p.m. Good night, Miss Eyre.

- Yes, sir. Good night, sir.

- Is Mr. Rochester such an exacting man?

- He has a gentleman’s tastes and habits. His house is managed accordingly.

- Is he generously liked?

- Oh, yes. The Rochesters have always been respected.

- Good morning, my dear. You are an early riser.

- It is so beautiful. Every moment is precious.

- How do you like Thornfield?

- I like it very much. It is a pretty place.

- This girl is a liar. This I learnt from her benefactress. The lady who adopted her in her orphan state, reared her as her own daughter and whose kindness this unhappy girl repaid with an ingratitude so bad, so dreadful.

4. Basic components of communication:

We will analyze the basic components of communication on the basis of Dialogue 29.

JANE

I like to serve you, sir, in

everything that's right.

ROCHESTER

But if I asked you to do something

you thought wrong - what then? My

little friend would turn to me,

very quiet and pale, and say, "No,

sir, that's impossible." Am I

right?

Jane, I want you to use your fancy.

Suppose yourself a boy - a

thoughtless and impetuous boy —

indulged from childhood upwards.

Imagine yourself in a remote

foreign land. Conceive that you

there commit a capital error - one

that cuts you off from the

possibility of all human joys; and,

in your despair, you wander about

vainly seeking contentment

in empty pleasure. When, suddenly

Fate offers you the chance of

regeneration and true happiness.

Are you justified in overleaping an

obstacle of mere custom? Tell me,

Jane, are you justified?

JANE

How can I answer, sir? Every

conscience must come to its own

decision.

ROCHESTER

And if it can't come to a decision?

If you're afraid that you may bring

shame on what you most cherish,

that you may destroy what you most

desire to protect...?

ROCHESTER

Jane, don't you curse me for

plaguing you like this?

JANE

Curse you? No, sir.

ROCHESTER

Give me your assurance on that.

What cold fingers. They were

warmer last night.

1. addressor (both Jane and Rochester)
2. addressee (both Jane and Rochester)
3. theme (Rochester asks Jane not to be angry with him and understand his behavior)
4. message (in a form of a dialogue)
5. channel (vocal)
6. communicative noise (no physical noise, no semantic noise as both speakers use the same language and common words, but there is a psychological noise: a critical attitude of Rochester towards Jane, his suppressed feelings)
7. filters (there is a outer social filter as Jane and Rochester belong to different social classes: Jane is poor and is employed as a governess, Rochester is rich; there is also an inner filter: Rochester is sharp in his remarks, Jane is shy and proud, which prevents her from expressing her feelings and emotions to the full)
8. feedback (both verbal and non-verbal: Jane averts her eyes, Rochester produces a gesture of despair and so on)
9. context and situation (all events take place in the 19^th century in England; this particular dialogue takes place under the following conditions: the garden of Rochester, daytime, immediate contact of the speakers)
10. means of communication (explicit i. e. the language itself and implicit since Rochester talks about himself and not about some imaginary “boy”)

5. Forms of speech intercourse are classified according to different criterions:

1. dependence on the form of speech code features, they divided into:

- external speech (oral, written); look through dialogue 1c

- internal speech (dialogue of person with him- or herself); look through dialogue 2c

- paralinguistic (mimics)

1. speech between communicators is divided into:

- monologue (when one participant of communication is talking); look through dialogue 3c

- dialogue (two participants are talking); look through dialogue 4c

- polilogue (three or more participants are talking); look through dialogue 5c

1. according to the peculiarity of communication channels, there are:

- speech of immediate communication (face to face); look through dialogue 6c

- speech of mediated communication (notes, letters, telephone, radio, TV-program, articles); look through dialogue 1c

1. dependence on the function and contence of the message, communication is divided into:

- everyday communication(discussing the everyday problems); look through dialogue 7c

- scientific communication

- official communication

- aesthetic communication (is bind with rendering of aesthetic information); look through dialogue 8c

1. according to the method of communication organization, the communication is divided into

- spontaneous (chance meeting in the street); look through dialogue 9c

- organized (conference, meeting, sitting); look through dialogue 10c

1. according to the sphere of communication:

- friendly (speech of friends); look through dialogue 11c

- antagonistic (communication between animas or people which are quarrelling); look through dialogue 12c

- official (communication between chief and subordinate); look through dialogue 6c.

Dialogue 30:

“A young lady accustomed to tuition. Is desirous of meeting with a situation, where the children are under 14.”

Dialogue 31:

“Anyone may blame me who I like, but often when I was free I climbed to the roof, to look at the far skyline, I longed to reach past it my career was becoming smooth. My pupil had been spoiled, but soon became obedient and teachable in spite of my blessings. I was restless at my tranquility. The restlessness was in my nature. There are must be millions like me.”

Dialogue 32:

“There was no possibility of taking a walk that day. The cold wintered wind had brought rain so penetrating that outdoor exercise was out of the question. I was glad, I never like long walks especially on that chilly afternoon.”

Dialogue 33:

- What do you want cousin?

- Cousin? Starling cousin, orphan cousin. Call me master Reed. I want you to come here. What was you doing behind the curtain?

- I was reading.

- Show me the book!

Dialogue 34:

- Jane, no!

- What a picture of passion!

- Take her to the red room and locked her in there.

- Hold her hands!

- Take her!

Dialogue 35:

- Your name little girl

- Jane Eyre, sir.

- Well, Jane Eyre are you a good child?

Dialogue 36:

- Do you read your bible?

- Sometimes.

- With pleasure?

- Bits of it.

Dialogue 37:

- Do you know where they could go after death?

- They go to the hell, sir.

- What is hell? Can you tell me that?

- A pit full of fire.

Dialogue 38:

- Damnation!

- Can I help you?

- Stand aside!

- I can fetch help, sir.

- I have no broken bones. It`s only a sprain.

- I shall stay with you until you can mount your horse.

- You should be at home. Where do you come from?

- Thernfield hall. I was posting a letter. I am a governess there.

- Oh, yeah, the governess, come here.

Dialogue 39:

When the pupils of the school were sitting all together and praying.

Dialogue 40:

- Come on, eat something.

- I tried so hard to do well. Hellen, why do you keep friendly with a girl whom everybody believes a liar?

- Jane, you are mistaken.

- After what Mr. Brocklehurst said?

- He is little liked here, besides Jane, if all the world hated you, you would not be without friends.

Dialogue 41:

- Wicked boy!

- You are slave driver!

- Hold her hands!

- Take her away!

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 1186