Environmental Assessment. Basic principles of the environmental impact assessment.

Maximum permissible concentrations, emissions, exposure levels

The maximum permissible concentration( MPC) of hazards substances in the environment is defined as the maximum concentration of pollutants in the environment, assigned to a particular averaging period and the periodic exposure or throughout life, which does not cause harmful impact on humans and the environment in general.

The maximum permissible emissions is the amount of pollutants emitted per unit time, which in the aggregate of the emission sources of harmful substances on a particular region or locality does not create a concentration of these substances that exceed the standard set by MAC.

Standards of MACs are uniform throughout the RK and developed by th e Ministry of Health.

The Maximum permissible levels of noise, vibration magnetic fields and other adverse physical effects are developed and established by the health authorities of the republic and are measured in decibels.

The Maximum permissible levels of radiationfor magnetic fields, electromagnetic radiation , radiation are developed by the Ministry of Health and is measured in micro-roentgen per hour.

The Maximum permissible levels of chemical in agriculture-maximum norm for agrochemicals in agriculture and forestry determined with regard to pesticides, mineral fertilizers, chemical protection and stimulates plant growth.

Physical hazards and their characteristics

A factor within the environment that can harm the body without necessarily touching it. Vibration and noise are examples of physical hazards.

Vibration is complex oscillatory process, which occurs during the periodic removal of the center of gravity of body from equilibrium position, as well as periodic changes in body shape compared with that under static condition.

Noise is a loud sounds, merged into a discordant sound

Physical hazards-moving machinery, elevated levels of pollution and the dust in the work area.

The permissible levels of harmful substances

Harmful substancesare those which in contract with the body, cause the workplace injuries, occupational diseases or deviations in health status.

Environmental Passport of an industrial enterprise.

Environmental passport of an enterprise is a standard-technical document that includes data on the use of resources by company, expressed through a system of indicators and on detection of its impacts on the environment.

The basis for development of ecological passports are key indicators of production, the resolution on the nature management, passports for gas and water treatment plants and installation of recycling and waste management, forms of state statistical report and other documents.

Environmental Assessment. Basic principles of the environmental impact assessment.

The State Environmental Assessment (SEA) – is a mandatory measure to protect the environment, which is conducted to verify compliance with economic and other activities of society prior to making economic decisions.

When performing the SEA is divided into the following stages:

1. preparatory - to check the completeness of submissions;

2. primary - the study of the submissions;

3. drawing a conclusion (positive or negative).

Basic principles:

- Presumption of potential environmental danger of any economic or other activities;

- mandatory of state environmental assessment before making decisions on the implementation of the object of environmental expertise;

- the complexity of assessing the impact of economic and other activities on the environment;

- Independent experts of environmental expertise in carrying out their responsibilities;

- scientific validity, objectivity and legitimacy of the conclusions of environmental impact assessment;

- transparency, participation of public organizations (associations), responsiveness to public opinion;

- Responsibility of parties for environmental impact assessment for its quality.

8. The Law of the RK "On Ecological Assessment". Two types of environmental impact assessment

This law regulates social relations in the field of environmental assessment in order to prevent the negative impact of administrative, economic and other activities on the environment, life and health of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

In this Law the environmental assessment is defined as a confirmation that the planned economic and other activities correspond to environmental requirements and determination of the admissibility of the object to implement environmental assessment in order to prevent possible adverse impact of the activity on the environment and associated social, economic and other consequences of the implementation of the object of environmental examination.

2 types:

1) State environmental assessment - view of the central executive body of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the sphere of environmental protection and its field offices.

2)Public environmental assessment - an activity undertaken on a voluntary basis by expert commissions established at the initiative of individual groups, associations and research organizations for the environmental assessment of any activity. It can operate independently of the holding for the same projects of the state ecological expertise.

9. Highly toxic substances (HTS). Application of HTS. Effects of HTS.

Highly toxic substances (HTS) - are chemical substances that are intended for use in the national economy and have a toxicity that can cause massive destruction of people, animals and plants.

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 856