The technological revolution

At the end of XVIII century there was a great technological revolution in England. It became the leading capitalist country. Industrial revolution in Great Britain began with the development of the textile industry. A flying shuttle was invented in 1773. In 1738 there was a machine that was able to weave the thread without human’s hand. In 1771 there was a spinning factory which was set in motion by a water wheel. Then the water wheel was replaced by the steam engine. There was the development of the metallurgy because of the growth of the number of machines. The major change in the metal industries during the era of the Industrial Revolution was the replacement of organic fuels based on wood with fossil fuel based on coal. Also there were great achievements in agriculture. Due to the Industrial Revolution a new working class was created, which consisted of industrial workers. These industrial workers included men, women, and even children who worked in textile factories, mines and pottery establishments.

27. The war for Spanish succession (1701-1714) was fought among several European powers, principally the Holy Roman Empire, Great Britain, the Dutch Republic, Portugal and the Duchy of Savoy, against the Kingdoms of France and Spain and the Electorate of Bavaria, over a possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under a single Bourbon monarch. The war was fought mostly in Europe, and it was marked by the military leadership of notable generals including the Duke of Marlborough (an English soldier and statesman whose career spanned the reigns of five monarchs through the late 17th and early 18th centuries. he got the title of the Duke of York through the 1670s and early 1680s, earning military and political advancement through his courage and diplomatic skill), and Prince Eugene of Savoy. It resulted in the recognition of the Bourbon Philip V as King of Spain. The union with Scotland. The Acts of Union 1707 was signed between England and Scotland, because of the political crisis in England, which was created by the War for Spanish succession and poor economical situation in Scotland. So The Kingdom of Great Britain was created.

George III

George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820. He was the third British monarch of the House of Hanover. George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms. A series of wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France finally concluded in the defeat of Napoleon in 1815. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War and became the dominant European power in North America and India. However, many of its American colonies were soon lost in the American War of Independence, which led to the establishment of the United States of America. American War of Independence began in 1775 after the Boston Tea Party (1773), against the British government and the monopolistic East India Company that controlled all the tea coming into the colonies. The Tea Party was the culmination of a movement throughout British America against the Tea Act, which had been passed by the British Parliament in 1773. During the reign of George III, the British prime minister from 1766 to 1768 was William Pitt, The Elder. He was a British statesman who achieved his greatest fame leading Britain during the Seven Years' War (1756 – 1763). He managed to expand the British territory in West India, Africa and capture the Spanish island Menorca.

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 819