V. to harm n. harm adj. harmful adj. harmless

If you harm something, you hurt it or cause damage to it.
eg When parents divorce, it is usually the children who are harmed the most.

Q: Have you ever harmed an animal ?

No, I've never harmed an animal.

Q: Even when you were a child ?

Maybe I harmed a worm or something like that.

Q: Can exercise/hard work/sunshine sometimes be harmful ?

Yes, sunshine can sometimes be harmful if you have too much.

Q: Give me an example of an everyday activity that harms the environment.

A: Driving a car harms the environment.

Q: Do you think banning alcohol would do more harm than good ?

A: Yes, I do./Yes, I think banning alcohol would do more harm than good.

Q: Do you think there is any harm in having a few drinks after work ?

A: No, I don't think there's any harm in having a few drinks after work.

Q: When can alcohol become harmful ?

A: Alcohol can become harmful if you're drinking too much.

Q: Give me an example of a harmless:
a. habit.

A harmless habit is biting your nails.

B. animal.

A gold fish./A gold fish is a harmless animal.

C. drug.

Coffee./Coffee is a harmless drug.

N. excess adj. excessive v. to exceed

To do something to excess is to do it too much.
eg People who drink to excess often suffer health problems.

Q: When do the following become harmful ?

A. alcohol b. exercise c. hard work d. sunshine

A: They all become harmful when we do them to excess.

Q: In what ways do big stars live excessive lives ?

A: Big stars live excessive lives by having many many cars and having parties every night.

Q: What kind of laws/punishments do you thing are excessive ?

A: I think it's excessive when you are fined £60 for going 3 miles an hour over the speed limit.

Q: Have you ever been charged for ‘excess baggage’ ?

A: Yes, I have./Yes, I have been charged for ‘excess baggage’.

Q: Were you surprised that you had exceeded the limit ?

A: Not really because my bag was really heavy./No, I wasn't surprised that I had exceeded the limit.

V. to injure n. injury n. compensation

Q: Have you ever had a sports injury ?

A: Yes, I have./Yes, I have had a sports injury.

Q: How did you injure yourself ?

A: I twisted my ankle playing football.

Q: What kind of injuries require hospital treatment ?

A: Broken bones require hospital treatment.

Q: Should people get compensation if they are injured at work ?

A: Yes, I think they should./Yes, people should get compensation if they are injured at work.

Q: Even if it’s their own fault ?

A: Maybe not if it's their own fault.

UNIT 6

Unit 6

v. to justify + gerund/nounn. justification n. right

If you justify something, such as something you have done or an opinion, you explain or show why it is right.

eg. The Police justified arresting the man by saying that he had been drunk and violent.

Q: Do you have the right to work in this country ?

A: No, I don't have the right to work in this country.

Q: At what age do you get the right to vote ?

A: You get the right to vote at 18.

Q: What other rights do you get at this age ?

A: You also get the right to drink alcohol in pubs.

Q: What kind of people have to justify their decisions publicly ?

A: Politicians have to justify their decisions publicly.

Q: Is there ever any justification for violence ?

A: No, I don't think there's any justification for violence.

Q: What about capital punishment ?

A: No./I don't think there's any justification for capital punishment.

Q: Do men and women have equal rights at work ?

A: Yes, they do./Yes, men and women have equal rights at work.

Q: Should:

… the internet be controlled by the government ?

A: No, the internet shouldn't be controlled by the government.

… men and women compete against each other in the Olympics ?

A: No, men and women shouldn't compete against each other in the Olympics.

… children learn about sex and drugs at school ?

A: Yes, I think they should.

… tobacco companies pay compensation to smokers whose health has been damaged ?

A: Yes, tobacco companies should pay compensation to smokers whose health has been damaged.

Q: Can you justify your opinion ?

A: Because they have to be prepared for the problems they will face in the real world.

v. to claim+ inf./clause n. claim

We use the word ‘claim’ when someone has said something is true, but there is doubt about it.

eg Some people claim to have seen aliens.

We can also use ‘claim’ to say that we have the right to something, such as money.

eg. Some people can claim money from the government to help them with the rent.

Q: Do you know anyone who claims to have seen a UFO/ghost ?

A: Yes, my friend Matthew claims to have seen a UFO.

Q: Do you believe them ?

A: No, he's a compulsive liar./No, I don't believe him.

Q: Would you believe me if I claimed that...

a) I could speak your language ?

Yes, I would./Yes, I would believe you if you claimed that you could speak my language.

b) English people drank more tea than any other country ?

Yes, definitely./Yes, I would believe you if you claimed that English people drank more tea than any other country.

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 866