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Mechanical Measuring Instruments

1.Mechanical instruments can measure just about a.measuring instruments at one time or another in their work.
2.Scientists, mathematicians and engineers all use b.for their practical uses.
3.Each is a valid and useful c.anything, from the time of day to geographic shifts taking place in the earth.
4.A few are worth noting d.source of information.

Exercise 8. Read the following texts and match them with the headlines given below:


A. Protector

B. Power Drill

C. Pliers

D. Sundial

E. Wrenches

F. Screwdrivers

G. Electrometer


Text 1. A classic and ancient mechanical way of measurement, the sundial lets the user know the times of day based on the casting of shadows against its markings. It is generally made up of a piece which looks like a fin called a gnomon, and a base with markings called a dial plate. The dial plate is marked with the hours in a day. The shadows which the gnomon casts against the dial plate are what track the time.

Text 2. According to the Global Shiksha website, “it is an electrical instrument for measuring electric charge. There are many different types, ranging from historical hand-made mechanical instruments to high-precision electronic devices.” Such an instrument is useful for determining power levels within anything that uses electricity.

Text 3. It is an instrument used for geometrical measurement. It is used at times to construct angles, but as a tool for mechanical measurement its simple purpose is to measure the degrees of angles. It is most useful in geometry and engineering.

Text 4. They grip mechanical components, such as screws, bolts and pins. They consist of two parts: a set of hinged handles and two gripping heads. In general, the name and application of a particular pair of them varies according to the shape of their gripping heads. Some of the more common types of pliers include locking pliers, also called “vise grips,” round-nose pliers for maneuvering in tight spaces and stubby-headed linesman’s pliers, which cut in addition to gripping and bending.

Text 5. Equipped with a driver bit, the handheld tool fastens and removes screws and bolts. Equipped with a boring bit, the tool creates holes through plastics and metals. The average tool looks like a bulky pistol; its long shaft bends at a 90-degree angle to form a handle. A trigger protruding from the inside of the pistol-grip handle controls the rotation of an attached drilling or fastening bit. Handheld tools reduce the amount of time and effort required for mechanics to install fasteners. Electricity or pneumatic force supplies power to tools motor.

Text 6. The two basic types of these tools are the box wrench and the ring wrench. Both types of them tighten and loosen nuts and bolts. The box wrench’s open-ended, C-shaped head often serves as a symbol of the mechanic’s trade. Attached to a metal handle, the open end of the box wrench slips around the exterior of hexagonal bolts and screws, allowing the mechanic to grip and twist the fastener. The ring wrench’s closed head forms a circle, and, like the box wrench, grips hexagonal nuts and bolts. Rather than slipping over the nut or bolt from the side, the ring wrench’s head slides over the fastener from above. Once attached to the fastener, the ring wrench's head stands little chance of slipping off.



Text 7. These tools drive and remove a wide variety of machine and sheet metal screws. They vary according to several characteristics: the length of the tool, the shape of the tool’s tip and the size of the tool’s tip. It length refers to the distance from the tools handle to its tip. They are available in lengths as short as 2 inches and as long as a few feet. The tool tip’s shape determines the kind of screw it can drive or remove. Common tip shapes include slotted, Phillips, star and square. Tool tip size refers to the diameter of the tool’s shank and tip. Additionally, many tool tips are slightly magnetized, allowing the mechanic to single-handedly position screws.

Exercise 9. Read the texts above once again and decide true or false are the following statements:

1. The gnomon casts shadows against the dial plate are what track the time.

2. Electrometer is an electrical instrument for measuring electric charge.

3. Protector is used at times to construct circles.

4. Screwdrivers consist of two parts: a set of hinged handles and two gripping heads.

5. The average power drill looks like a bulky pistol.

6. The ring wrench’s closed head forms a square.

7. Screwdrivers drive and remove a wide variety of machine and sheet metal screws.

 

 

Task 1. Read and translate into Russian:

Floor Jack and Jack Stands or Lift

This is one of the most basic tools to have and allows the mechanic to access parts underneath the car and support it while the wheels are off of the vehicle. A floor jack and a pair of jack stands should be considered a basic necessity. A lift is even better, since it allows the vehicle to be lifted high enough for the underside to be easily access while you are standing up. Don't skimp on these parts, since they will be supporting your car while you work under it. Get the best quality jack and jack stands that you can afford.

Task 2. Read and translate into Russian:

Wrenches

Open-ended and adjustable wrenches are the cornerstone of any good collection of tools. Purchase a nice assortment of regular wrenches in metric and standard measurements. You should also have a set of offset wrenches so that you can access hard to reach areas. Adjustable wrenches are handy to have if you don't have the exact size open-ended wrench and offer the convenience of being able to change the wrench to fit different bolts.

Task 3. Read and translate into Russian:


Date: 2015-12-24; view: 824


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