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Subjunctive Mood Synopsis

1. To express wish or hope, very often involving supernatural powers.

God bless you!

Come what may!

God save the Queen!

If need be, …

 

2. The structure that … should.

the verbs followed by the said construction: advise, agree, arrange, ask, beg, command, decide, demand, determine, insist, order, propose, recommend, request, stipulate, suggest, urge, be anxious, be determined

She advised that we (should) keep the gate locked. (she was unlikely to be there – less direct contact)

She advised that the gate should be kept locked.

Instead of

She advised keeping the gate locked. (she was likely to be there)

She advised us to keep it locked.

She arrange d for me to go abroad.

Should is sometimes omitted before be

 

3. The structure it is/was + adjective + that … should

After it is/was advisable, better, desirable, essential, imperative, important, natural, necessary, reasonable.

After it is only fair/just/right

It is essential that he should go.

Instead of it is/was + adjective +for smb to do

It is essential for him to go.

 

4. The structure it is/was + adjective + that … should

After it is/was absurd, amazing, annoying, ludicrous, odd, ridiculous, strange, surprising

Instead if that + present or past tense

It is ridiculous that we should be short of water.

It is amazing that she shouldhave said nothing.

 

5. After lest[1] and sometimes after in casein the structure lest … should.

He was terrified lest he should slip on the icy rocks.

She began to be worried lest he should have met with some accident. (earlier)

 

6. in purpose clauses

He wore a maskso that no one should recognize him.

 

7. In conditional sentences instead of the present tense

If the pain should return take another of these pills.

 

8. as if/as though + past subjunctive

He bosses me around as if I were his wife.

He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.

 

9. It is time + past subjunctive (unreal past)

It is time to start.

It is time for us to go. (We are a little late.)

It is time we went./It is time we were leaving/I was leaving (not were).

 

10. Conditionals.

If I had a map I would lend it to you.

If I were to succeed/If I succeeded

 

11. would rather[1]/sooner

Tom would rather read than speak. (Tom prefers reading to talking)

We went by sea, but I’d rather have gone by air. I’d prefer to have gone by air.

I’d rather you paid. (different subjects)

Ann wants to tell Tom, but I’d rather shedidn’t (tell him).

 

Had better

You had better ring him at once. (This would be a good thing to do)

You had better not miss the last bus. (It would be unwise)

In indirect speech remains unchanged.

 

 

I wish

I wish I knew his address.

He wished he knew the address. (not changed in indirect speech)

I wish(ed) I hadn’t spent so much money. (will be reported unchanged)

If only we knew where she is! (more dramatic)



If only she had asked someone’s advice!

 




THE SCHEME OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE FICTION TEXT

1. Some information about the writer.

... is a prominent (outstanding, famous) playwright (short-story writer).

He took up writing...

He is famous for...

The writer is distinguished by his brilliant dialogues...

His books are full of witty paradoxes, irony...

... is a very talented writer, he manages to create...

His elevated style of writing is one of the characteristic features of his books.

His famous books are...

His books gained popularity among the readers...

The phenomenon of his success is still being investigated.

His novels have enjoyed great popularity.

With sparkling humour he criticizes the weak sides of human nature.

His first literary success was...

2. The explanation of the title of the book.

The problems raised in the extract define the title of the book...

The title of the book reveals the problem of...

Under the title of the book the writer means...

3. The problems raised in the extract.

The author focuses his attention on the problems of...

The key (main) problems raised in the extract I’ve read are:

- relationship (relations) between a man and a woman;

- relations between two generations (the old and the young);

- the influence of a man on other people’s fates (lives);

- the man and the society (and his surroundings);

- the place of a man in the society; etc.

4. The peculiarities of the author’s style in the extract.

The typical feature of the author’s style is his using a great number of the high-flown words to describe...

The writer has the talent of depicting the people and the situations vividly, with laughter-provoking details.

The writer tells his story in the objective way without going into the minds of the character and without giving his own comments.

The style of the author is very expressive (ironic, masterful)...

In general the author’s style is marked by...

The dialogues are very intensive and dynamic.

The dynamism of the narration is created by a great number of short sentences the majority of which are exclamatory, imperative and interrogative.

Many author's remarks reveal the character’s traits – good or evil.

The interior (inner) monologue renders the thoughts and feeling of the character

5. The characteristic features of the main characters.

The main characters are portrayed through the dialogues...

The author describes the lady (the man) as...

6. The author's attitude towards the main characters.

I can’t say that the author sympathizes with the characters because he reveals their hypocrisy, evil intentions and practical interests.

In my opinion the author describes the characters in the objective way, that’s why it is rather difficult to find out the author’s attitude to them.

I think that the author’s attitude to the main characters is rather ironic: he laughs at the vices of these careless people.

To my mind the author sympathizes with the lady portraying her as a tall and extraordinary graceful woman with a delicately intelligent face.



Date: 2015-12-24; view: 893


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