Beaverfest history

BBC SUPERHUMAN

PART 1

TRAUMA

Useful expressions:

1. To make great discoveries at a breathtaking rate

2. To go way beyond something

3. In contrast to

4. To do something for the first time in history

5. To be starkly revealed

6. To outstrip something

7. To be faced with endless questions

8. To be discovered, addressed and hopefully ruled out (about a problem)

9. A massive problem

10. To run wild (about an epidemic)

11. In a fraction of a second

12. To be in a bad way

13. To be sensitive to something

14. To take something for granted

15. To race against the clock / a race against the clock

16. To make precise decisions

17. To have serious consequences

18. To be ready to vary one’s game plan

19. To go through some revolutionary changes

20. To have an unlimited supply of something

21. To do more harm than good

22. To be given a chance to work

23. To be questioned

24. To slow something down

25. To set off a dangerous chain reaction

26. To be traced back to

27. To wear off (about the effect of something)

28. To take something to an extreme

29. In theory

30. To change somebody’s look on life

31. To be out of danger

Expressions and word combinations used to speak about the human body:

1. The most stunning piece of engineering

2. Untold powers to heal and renew

3. To evolve defenses to fight back

4. Innate powers

5. The body’s standard way of coping with injuries

6. The increased understanding of the ways the human body tries to preserve itself

7. The thing the body tries to preserve almost above anything

8. To cope with large blood losses

9. The way that the body responds to bleeding is by forming a clot.

10. Not to upset the mechanism which is centuries old

11. To be flooded with adrenalin

12. As far as our bodies are concerned we are still just animals fighting for survival, struggling to escape and find a safe place to hide.

13. To release a surge of painkilling hormones

14. to start a long process of self-repair

15. To work in harmony with the body

16. To let the body heal itself

17. To be in an incredibly fragile state

18. To have some physiological reserves

19. To be injured beyond the point of self-repair

20. To be well beyond the body’s ability to heal itself

21. to be in a state of confusion

22. to constrict and redirect the blood flow

23. the lungs work to capture as much oxygen as possible

24. to make a remarkable (extraordinary) recovery

Expressions connected with speaking about trauma:

1. Trauma medicine

2. Treatment of injury

3. The number one public health issue

4. Trauma team

5. Trauma surgeon

6. Paramedic

7. To be rushed to hospital as a result of trauma

8. To suffer horrendous( horrific, massive, intensive, multiple) injuries

9. To be the cutting edge of trauma medicine

Injuries and patients’ state:

1. To show classic symptoms of traumatic shock

2. To be confused and aggressive

3. To suffer permanent brain damage

4. Internal injury (bleeding)

5. A massive head injury

6. To die off

7. A broken neck

8. A fractured skull

9. A huge bleed in the abdomen

10. To fail (about some organ)

11. Multiple organ failure

12. To overreact to trauma

13. To have a tear in one’s liver

14. To be broken in 6 places

15. To have severe injuries into the pelvis

16. To puncture the lungs

17. To bruise the kidneys

18. To erupt the spine

Words and expressions to speak about the things that doctors use and do:

1. To do something with the help of technology like X-ray and ultrasound

2. To go through the standard response

3. To follow three life-saving principles

4. To try and correct something by doing something

5. To replace lost blood and rise blood pressure

6. To be very difficult (about medical circumstances)

7. To make a brave decision

8. To try a radically new treatment

9. Damage control procedure

10. To do the bare minimum necessary to keep the patient alive

11. To reconstruct

12. To sew somebody up

13. To be given an experimental drug

14. To be kept in an intensive care unit

Expressions used to talk about a car crash:

1. To be in a traffic accident

2. To survive one’s trauma without any serious consequences

3. A number one cause of deaths

4. To crash headlong into a bus

5. To be injured in a car crash

6. To collide with a bus

7. To be removed from the car

Answer the following questions:

1. What has remained unchanged over centuries in contrast to everything else in our lives?

2. What outstrips heart disease, stroke and cancer combined?

3. What is the body’s standard way of coping with its injuries?

4. What are the three life- saving principles that the trauma team follow?

5. What organ is particularly sensitive to even a short while without oxygen?

6. What does our body try to preserve above anything else after an injury? Why?

7. What had always been the standard medical response to a situation in which a person had a massive loss of blood, before doctors started to question that method?

8. How does the body respond to bleeding?

9. Why can cold be a life saver?

10. What does damage control procedure involve?

11. Why do many patients die within 2-3 weeks in intensive care units after their operations ? What can help them to be out of danger?

12. What can be called the revolutionary change in modern medicine?

BBC SUPERHUMAN

PART 2

Spare parts

Useful expressions:

1. To enable somebody to do something

2. A well-oiled machine

3. To have an advantage

4. In principle

5. To overcome a problem

6. To be tricky

7. To run very close to something

8. To reduce the chance of something happening

9. A warning system

10. To emerge into the world

11. To relate something to something

12. Crude

13. To report something

14. Compared to

15. It’s early days yet

16. A mismatch between expectations and reality

17. To go bananas

18. Feedback

19. To compete with

20. Versatile

21. Sophisticated

22. To choose something in preference to something

23. To live on the outskirts

24. To be familiar with

25. To be too well aware of

26. To be involved in something

27. To wake up to something

28. Overwhelmed

29. To be at peace with oneself

30. To be a hard thing to accept

31. To be content with something

32. When it comes to…

33. Miracle

34. To be programmed to behave somehow

35. To be well worth something

36. To leave somebody with mixed emotions

37. Immediate reaction

38. To reconsider something

39. The risks outweigh the benefits

40. Inevitable

41. To come to terms with something

42. A good start

43. To look very different

44. Controversial

45. To benefit in the race

46. To be routinely available

Expressions for the topic “Medicine”:

1. To lose one’s limb in an accident

2. Artificial leg / arm

3. To be a science fiction vision of something

4. Transplanted hand

5. To match the incredible complexity of a human body

6. To get a severe hearing loss

7. Auditory nerve

8. Cochlea

9. Bionic replacement

10. To be accidentally damaged

11. To be paralysed for the rest of one’s life

12. To insert an implant

13. To drill a hole

14. To treat certain types of deafness

15. Eyeball

16. Retina

17. To replace the damaged cells with an electronic chip

18. To be routinely available

19. To have one of the most advanced artificial arms in the world

20. Carbon fibre

21. To be attached to the body

22. Robotic arm

23. A sense of touch

24. Nerve receptor

25. Hand transplant patient

26. Hyperacute rejection

27. To make a miraculous recovery

28. To have serious side effects

29. To carry out a hand- transplant

30. Donor hand

31. To connect arteries, veins, tendons and nerves

32. Tissue

33. To do something to a limited degree

34. To be handicapped

35. To lose all sensation

36. To be indicators of something

37. The risks include +noun

38. To keep the immune system suppressed

39. A major supply of human organs

40. Operating theatre

41. To volunteer for an experiment

42. To have something injected into someone’s brain

43. Foetus

44. Foetal

45. To coat something with something

46. To recognize something as foreign

Questions

1. What is human body often compared to? What advantage do machines have in comparison with it? What idea seems to be very seductive ? Can it easily be fulfilled?

2. What normally happens when a sound enters the ear? What can be the solution for deaf people? Why can operations be tricky? What does the brain nerve have to learn after the cochlea implant is switched on? How long does the implant stay in its place?

3. Is it possible to cure certain types of blindness with the help of bionics? Are the experts optimistic about the problem?

4. What causes mismatches between the expectations and reality about bionic arms? How does a robotic arm work? What does a person have to do to use the arm? What does the robotic arm have to try to match?

5. What is hyperacute rejection? Why is it considered to be a very serious problem? What are the ways of suppressing it? Are they absolutely safe for the patient?

6. What steps does the arm transplant operation involve?

7. Are all the patients always content with their arm transplants? Why?

8. What organs can be transplanted?How does a person’s appearance change after a heart transplant operation?

9. What is one of the most controversial ways of coping with the shortage of human organs?What difficulties does it involve? Have the doctors started transplanting pig parts into humans?

10. What made Jim Finn volunteer for the operation of injecting pig cells into his brain? What kind of pig cells were used for the operation? What do doctors do to help the pig cells be accepted by the organism?

11. What race is now on? Who should win it for the people to benefit?

BBC SUPERHUMAN

PART 3

Self-repair

Useful expressions:

1. In other words

2. When/as the need arises

3. To have no other options left

4. To respond to sudden demands

5. Ultimate aim

Expressions for the topic” Medicine”:

1. A wonderful ability to regenerate

2. To match something

3. To regrow missing or damaged parts

4. To harness new knowledge to help the body repair itself

5. Embryo

6. Blood vessels

7. Tissue engineers

8. To repair damage done by terrible diseases and the worst kind of accidents

9. To collapse

10. Vertebra

11. To shatter completely

12. Spinal cord

13. To paralyze the limbs

14. Advanced medical care

15. To carry signals between brain and limbs

16. To fuse

17. To heal

18. Expert of self-repair

19. To have some improvement in one’s condition

20. Back to normal

21. The power of healing

22. To get steadily worse

23. A severe cramp

24. Angina

25. To have heart bypass operation

26. To encourage the growth of

27. To become a guinea-pig for some experiment

28. Raw material

29. To circumcise

30. Internal body parts

31. 3 dimensional

32. To fit together perfectly

33. To be seeded with living cells

34. Bladder

35. Ingenious combination of materials

36. To revert to an earlier form

37. Stem cells

38. Stroke

39. Permanently damaged

40. To return to normal movement

41. At a very early stage

42. To apply the same technology successfully to human

43. To be amazed by the extent of somebody’s recovery

44. To be confined to a wheelchair

Answer the questions:

1. What cannot a human body do for all its sophistication?

2. What have doctors started to learn?

3. What happened to Penny Roger’s body when she hit the ground?

4. What saved her life? What cannot be fixed in her body?

5. What is crucial if the body is to move with speed and precision?

6. What is spinal cord?

7. Who are the real experts of self-repair?

8. At what age can people do the same?

9. Do we lose this ability completely when we get older?

10. How much tissue do people replace during their life?

11. What made Charles and Roger become guinea-pigs for a very daring experiment?

12. What was the aim of the operation?

13. What is the area in which the creation of new tissue is a great success?

14. Why is it far easier to grow flat pieces of skin than to grow body parts?

15. How did some tissue engineers manage to grow an ear on the back of the mouse?

16. What organ did the scientists try to make and why?

17. Why is it impossible to grow a spinal cord?

18. How does a salamander regrow a new limb?

19. Do people contain any cells of this kind? What can they help us to do?

20. What can the process of regrowing a rat’s spinal cord be compared to?

21. What were the ingredients for regrowing the spinal cord?

22. What possibilities do these experiments give to people?

BBC SUPERHUMAN

PART 4

THE ENEMY WITHIN

New words:

1. To lead to a discovery

2. To cast a new light on something

3. Worldwide

4. To combat a disease

5. To exploit

6. To take a first- hand look at advances in cancer treatment

7. To undergo gene therapy

8. To search for a miracle

9. Conventional treatment

10. To cut out

11. To spread into

12. Chemotherapy

13. To volunteer to try an experimental drug

14. To be aimed at combating the disease

15. To be based on something

16. To be tested as potential drugs

17. False lead

18. Dead end

19. Bush willow

20. Minute

21. To be about to do

22. To reduce the blood supply

23. To be encouraging

24. To deprive

25. Free radicals

26. To develop novel ways to attack advanced cancers

27. To irritate delicate tissue

28. Exposure to

29. To trigger something

30. To refuse to give up

31. To pin one’s hopes on

32. To only give temporary relief

33. Cancerous growth

34. Lifespan

35. To set off an unstoppable chain reaction

36. DNA

37. To get to the heart of

38. Emergency room

39. To be unlikely to harm somebody

40. Early trial

41. To go through gene therapy trial

42. Time-bomb

43. To be in one’s infancy

44. To survive a fatal disease

45. A waiting list

46. To rule something out completely

47. To progress (about a tumour)

48. The moment of truth

49. To maintain something

50. To look dramatically different

51. To make a breakthrough

52. To spot something

53. To be vulnerable to

54. To have high rates of

55. To develop a disease

56. To take a blood sample

57. To lack (a crucial repair gene)

58. A preventive measure

59. To help early detection

60. To improve chances of survival

61. A rapidly growing threat

62. Somebody’s prospects

63. Literally

64. To opt for something

65. To delude oneself

66. Scan

67. To tame a disease

Questions:

1. Why do many anti-cancer drugs that work in laboratory fail on people?

2. What triggers cancer? What can speed up the release of free radicals? What do they do to the organism? How can people slow the free-radicals damage down? Can the change of diet help once the tumour takes hold and begins to grow?

3. Does gene therapy give any guarantees? How does it work?

4. What’s the point of injecting a drug derived from the African bush willow into a patient’s cancer?

5. Why have the Icelanders been so badly hit by some kinds of cancer?

6. What does a cancer vaccine consist of? How does it work? Is it suitable for any kind of treatment? What are the benefits of undergoing such treatment?

Beaverfest history

Date: 2015-01-02; view: 1156