| FORMATION OF ADVERBS |
| Adjective
| Adverb
| | Adjective + -ly
| serious
| seriously
| | Adjectives in –le drop the –e and take -y
| gentle
| gently
| | Adjectives in consonant + y drop the –y and take -ily
| happy
| happily
| | Adjectives in –l take -ly
| awful
| awfully
| | Adjectives in –ic take -ally
| dramatic
| dramatically (but: public-publicly)
| | Adjectives in –e take -ly
| polite
| politely (but: true-truly)
| | Adjectives in –ly use the words way/manner
| elderly, cowardly, friendly, likely, deadly, lively, lonely, silly, ugly, lovely, etc.
| in a friendly way/manner
in a cowardly way/manner
| | Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives
| hard, fast, free, high, low, deep, early, late, long, near, straight, right, wrong, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly
| hard, fast, free, high, low, deep, early, late, long, near, straight, right, wrong, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly
| |
|
| deeply(=very), freely(=without limit), highly(=very much), lately(=recently), mostly(=mainly), nearly(=almost), hardly(=almost never)
|
COMPARISON OF QUALITATIVE ADVERBS
| Base Form
| Comparative
| Superlative
| | Adverbs which have the same form as the adjectives take –er in the comparative and –est in the superlative
| | hard
friendly
| harder
in a friendlier way/manner
| hardest
in a friendliestway/manner
| | Adverbs formed by adding -ly to the adjectives take more in the comparative and most in the superlative
| | comfortably
| morecomfortably
| mostcomfortably
|
IRREGULAR FORMS
| Base Form
| Comparative
| Superlative
| | well
badly
many, much, a lot of
little
far
late
near
| better
worse
more
less
farther (further)
later (the latter)
nearer
| best
worst
most
least
farthest (furthest)
the latest (last)
the nearest (next)
|
FAIRY – QUITE – RATHER – PRETTY
| a/an + fairly
| This is a fairly good CD, but it’s not the best they’ve made.
| | quite + a/an (enough)
| This is quite a good CD. You ought to buy it.
| | quite + adjectives (=completely, totally)
| I’m quite certain about this.
| | rather + a/an, a/an + rather (=more than usual, wanted, etc.)
| I expected the book to be boring, but it was rather interesting.
| | rather + comparative form/too
| She spends rather too much money on clothes.
| | a/an + pretty (=usually in everyday English)
| He had a pretty nasty accident the other day.
|
NUMERALS
|
| Cardinal
| Ordinal
|
| | Cardinal
| Ordinal
| |
| one
| the first
|
|
| sixteen
| the sixteenth
| |
| two
| the second
|
|
| seventeen
| the seventeenth
| |
| three
| the third
|
|
| eighteen
| the eighteenth
| |
| four
| the fourth
|
|
| nineteen
| the nineteenth
| |
| five
| the fifth
|
|
| twenty
| the twentieth
| |
| six
| the sixth
|
|
| thirty
| the thirtieth
| |
| seven
| the seventh
|
|
| forty
| the fortieth
| |
| eight
| the eighth
|
|
| fifty
| the fiftieth
| |
| nine
| the ninth
|
|
| sixty
| the sixtieth
| |
| ten
| the tenth
|
|
| seventy
| the seventieth
| |
| eleven
| the eleventh
|
|
| eighty
| the eightieth
| |
| twelve
| the twelfth
|
|
| ninety
| the ninetieth
| |
| thirteen
| the thirteenth
|
|
| a (one) hundred
| the hundredth
| |
| fourteen
| the fourteenth
|
| 1,000
| a (one) thousand
| the thousandth
| |
| fifteen
| the fifteenth
|
| 1,000,000
| a (one) million
| the millionth
|
FUNCTIONS OF THE NUMERALS IN THE SENTENCE
| Subject
| Three were absent from the lecture.
| | Object
| How many books have you taken? – I’ve taken three.
| | Attribute
| The second lesson begins at eleven o’clock.
| | Nominal Part of the Predicate
| Five times five is twenty-five.
|
DATES
|
| seven hundred (and) thirty-one
| |
| nineteen hundred
| |
| nineteen [ou] four
| |
| two thousand
| |
| two thousand nine
| | 15th, May 1948
May 15th, 1948
May 15, 1948
| The fifteenth of May, nineteen forty-eight.
May the fifteenth, nineteen forty-eight.
|
Date: 2015-12-24; view: 654
|
