The category of mood. The Indicative Mood, the Imperative Mood.

It’s very disputable category in E. Vinogr: mood expr-s the relation of the action to reality as stated by the speaker. With the help of this category we can represent an action as a real fact. He goes to Paris every summer. Or the action can be represented as unreal but highly probable. Go to Paris right now. Or when the action seems very doubtful. I think you’d like to go to Paris.

The number of moods in E is also disputable & fluctuates from 2 to 16. In case of 2 moods the Imperative is excluded (George Curme) & 16 by M. Deutchbein.

Traditional number of moods is 3 (indic, imper, subj). A peculiar feature of E.gr. is that 1&the same form of the V, usu called the bare infin, can be met in all 3 moods. Go there. I insist he go there. I go there. Each mood is ch-ized by its own gram.m. & a number of formal distinctive features.

(1)The Ind.M. shows that the speaker represents an action as a real fact. I have finished my task & now walking to the station.

We deal only with the gram.m. of the l-ge form but not with the ultimate truth of the statement. The gram.m. of the Ind.M. is such that it represents every action as corresponding to reality. I have done it. This ability & this meaning of the indicative mood is widely used in fiction or in deceiving other people. Some doubts may arise if we turn to the Future Tense of the indicative mood, in this case the action has not been performed so it doesn’t correspond to reality. But the degree of its probability borders with certainty which is especially obvious if we compare the forms of the subjunctive & indicative mood used in context. 1)I’ll come & help you. 2)I would like to come & help you. In case of the indicative mood in the Future Tense the action is an actual point of the speaker’s program.

(2) The Imperative mood. Not all scholars include it into the number of E moods.

G. Curme believed there is no special; mood of this kind in E because it is represented by 1 form only which is homonymous to the form of bare infinitive & it has no paradigm.

Henry Sweet considered it to be right to speak about the Imp.M. because it has its own gram.m. different from the Ind. or Subj.M-s. E.l. has special forms for expressing a command, inducement. There are some formal differences of the imperative from other moods too: 1) it has no person, number, tense distinctions. 2) it’s used only in 1 type of sentences which is the imperative sentence. There’re some peculiar features ch-izing the Imp.m. 1)it has a specific modal m. wh. is dif. both from the m. of the Ind.M. and Subj.M. – the m. of inducement wh. can be realized in a number of more specific forms:a command, prohibition, order, request, advice, offer, invitation. In some of these cases an action is in favour of the speaker, in other cases it’s in favour of the doer. 2)formal features.The negative form is alw derived with the help of ‘do’ including the V ‘to be’. Don’t be so silly. Though the Imp.M. is equal to the bare inf the negative form of the inf is built another way. We decided not to go there. Don’t go there. 3)in E. the Imp.M. has an analytical construction with the help of wh. it’s possible to address or command to the 3d person or include the speaker himself into the number of action performed. Let us go there. Let me come. Let them.

There appears a mixed paradigm of the Imp.M. including analytical & synthetic forms. Let me speak (anal). Speak! (synth).

The inducement expressed with the help of the imperative mood may have various degree of its force. It may be strong command, prohibition, a friendly advise, polite request.

In majority of cases the Imp.M. is included into the number of the verbal moods, too.

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 936