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State what image underlies the meaning of the italicized verbs. Give the meaning of these verbs.Questions 1. What aspects of lexical meaning can be singled out? 2. What is the denotational aspect of lexical meaning? 3. What is the denotational meaning of the word streamlet? 4. Why is the denotational aspect highly significant in the process of communication? 5. What is the connotational aspect of lexical meaning? 6. What constituents may be distinguished in the connotational aspect of meaning? 7. What is the emotive charge like? 8. What kinds of evaluation may be singled out? 9. How is imagery manifested in meanings? 10. What is the pragmatic aspect of lexical meaning? 11. What constituents may be distinguished in the pragmatic aspect of meaning? 12. What does information on the space relationship of the participants mean? 13. What does information on the time relationship of the participants denote? 14. What is information on the tenor of discourse like? 15. What does information on the register of communication signify? 16. What types of the situations of communication can be singled out?
Tasks
1. Identify the denotational meaning of the lexical meaning of the words in each group. a) indignation, fury, ire, rage, irritation; b) beautiful, lovely, handsome, pretty, bonny; c) kip, nap, doze, slumber, snooze; d) happy, delighted, pleased, cheerful, joyful; e) like, admire, take pleasure in, be pleased with, fancy.
2. Point out the denotational aspect in all the lexical meanings of the words warm and face Warm (adj) 1. fairly hot in a way that is comfortable and pleasant 2. warm clothes and buildings keep heat in and prevent you from feeling cold 3. a warm place 4. kind and friendly in a way that makes other people feel comfortable
Face (n) 1. the front part of your head, where your eyes, nose, and mouth are 2. the expression on someone’s face, that shows how they are feeling 3. a side of a mountain or building that is high and very steep 4. one side of a coin 5. the way that something looks or appears to people 6. the front of a clock, where the numbers are
3. Find out the difference in the denotational meanings of the words: appreciate, value, cherish, assess, evaluate. (Analyze the first meaning of each word only). 4. Identify the denotational and connotational aspects in the lexical meanings of the word cool 1. rather cold, often in a pleasant way 2. cool clothes prevent you from feeling too hot 3. calm and not nervous, upset, embarrassed 4. behaving in a way that is not as friendly as you expect 5. (informal) very attractive, fashionable, relaxed, in a way that people admire 6. cool colour is one, such as blue or green, that makes you think of cool things 7. used with an amount of money for emphasizing how large it is
5. State the denotational and connotational meaning of the following words: a) friend, acquaintance, intimate, confidant, crony, buddy;. b) walk, trot, pace, run, gallop, lope, amble; c) stubborn, obstinate, mulish, refractory, pigheaded. Identify the denotational and connotational aspects of lexical meaning of the given words. Analyze the similarity and difference between the components of the connotational aspect of lexical meaning in the given pair of words.
Model: celebrated – notorious
1) to murmur – to mutter; 2) sophisticated – hardened; 3) adventure – ordeal; 4) perfect – flawless; 5) to glance – to glare; 6) to deal with – to grapple with; 7) adulation – respect; 8) ugly – repulsive.
State what image underlies the meaning of the italicized verbs. Give the meaning of these verbs. Model:I heard what she said, but it didn’t sink into my mind until much later. Answer: the meaning of the verb sink is based on the image of ‘something going down below the surface or to the bottom of a liquid or soft substance’. Sink into means ‘to be understood and accepted by (one’s mind)’.
1) Even though divorce is legal, it is still frowned upon. 2) I take back my unkind remarks, I see that they were not justified. 3) You should be ashamed of yourself, crawling to the director like that. 4) The crowd fired questions at the speaker for over an hour. 5) Ideas were flying about in the meeting. 6) The children seized on the idea of camping in the mountain, and began making plans. 7) I was following the man when he dived into a small restaurant and I lost track of him. 8) You might catch him in about 11 o’clock. 9) I should imagine that the President was glad to lay down his office. 10) Why are you trying to pin the blame on me?
State the difference in the pragmatic aspect of lexical meaning in the following pairs of words. Pay attention to the register of communication. State the possible participants of the communicative situation and their roles on which tenors of discourse are based.
Model: to interrupt – to butt in: Don’t interrupt when your mother is speaking. There is an awful man in the front row, who butts in whenever you pause.
1) Dough - money: 1. He only married her for her dough. 2. How much money will you pay me for this work, sir? 2) Certainly – unquestionably: 1. I’m sorry if upset you, dear. I certainly didn’t mean to. 2. Japan has unquestionably one of the most successful economies in the world.
3) Picture - photography: 1. Karen showed me a picture of her new boyfriend – he’s very good-looking. 2. Visitors are not allowed to take photographs inside the museum.
4) Skirt – girl: 1. So, Bill, off to chase some skirt? 2. I didn’t know you were friends with the girl I had seen you with last night. .
5) Quality – thing: 1. There are certain qualities in Orwell’s prose that I greatly admire. 2. One of the things I like about Mary is the way she always keeps smiling, even when there are problems. Date: 2015-12-24; view: 2766
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