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Cross lie stand face f low
1. An elderly woman who..... .......the road was knocked down by a motorcyclist. 2. The village....... .............................at the foot of the mountain. 3. The river which....... ...............through the town was polluted. 4. We stopped to ask a policeman who.... .................on the corner. 5. We stopped to admire the view from the bridge which. ..............the river. 6. A large oak tree....... ..................in the garden, casting its shade over the house. 7. Although it was rather cold, a few people... ..........on the beach, sunbathing. 8. The hotel could only offer me a small dark room that............. north. 9. Because of the heavy rain, the river... ..................much faster than normal. 10. He couldn’t see me because he..... ...............the other way. 22.3 SCENES FROM THE PAST Practice
Imagine that you saw these scenes recently, and that you’re telling a friend what you saw.
What could you say about the position of each of the people ?
Example The old woman was standing by a fire. Now describe each scene more fully, as in the examples. Examples There was an old woman, dressed in a traditional long skirt and a woollen shawl, standing by a fire. There was a man leaning on a stick, watching the traffic go by. The sun was going down behind the hills.
Work in groups. Now imagine you saw one of the scenes below while you were on holiday recently. Tell the others what you saw.
22.4 STRIKING SCENES Free practice
Work in groups. Think of a scene you saw recently that struck you as either very beautiful or very unusual. Describe the scene to the others in as much detail as you can.
22.5 THE PAST PERFECT TENSE
Presentation Read the description below, and answer the questions.
Everything was ready for the party. The room was spotlessly clean, the furniture had been moved to one side, and the floor at one end of the room was bare, ready for dancing. There were some open bottles of wine and some food on the table, and plates and cutlery were laid out neatly on the white tablecloth.
The host had put on his new white suit. He looked around him with satisfaction. The atmosphere was just right — he had turned the main lights off and had lit candles round the sides of the room. A jazz record was playing, and a fire was burning brightly in the grate ...
Practice
By the time they got there . A Â ... everyone in the street was awake. ... everyone in the street had woken up. ... there was no glass in the windows. ... the host was lying unconscious in the hall ... the building was on fire. ... the fire brigade was already there. ... only a few guests were still there. ... the stereo equipment was missing. ... the lift wasn’t working. ... there was a man on the roof.
The sentences in Column A tell you how things were. Complete Column  with alternative sentences which say what had happened.
22.6 PREVIOUS EVENTS
Practice Work in groups. Look at the sentences below. What things do you think had happened previously ? 1 When I returned home for the holidays I found that my parents had made all sorts of changes to the house ... 2 At nine o’clock that morning we were almost ready to set off.for our day in the country... 3 The summer season was over by the time they reached the island ... 4 The play was about to begin ... 5 I was in a panic. My guests were due to arrive in two hours, and nothing was ready ...
Writing Choose two of the sentences and develop them into paragraphs.
22.7 MEMORIES Free practice
You will hear someone describing how he first met his wife. Listen to the tape and answer the questions. 1 Why was the speaker at the party ? 2 How was he feeling? Why ? 3 What was the girl doing ? 4 How exactly did they meet?
Work in groups. Tell the others either how you first met someone you know very well or your earliest childhood memory or a dream you remember 22.8 MORNING CALL
Reading Read the passage below and answer the question.
1. Find expressions in the passage (as many as you can) which tell you: a) that it was early morning b) that the weather was dull and very windy c) that it was winter d) that the town was neglected 2. What is the A A (line 5), and what would they do if the writer phoned them ? 3. The writer mentions three permanent features of the street she was walking down. What were they ? 4. a) Why was the cat sniffing at the paper bags ? (line 20) b) Why was it sniffing ‘hopelessly’ ? c) Why did the writer ‘stop in astonishment’ ? (line 27) d) Why did she wait ‘discreetly’ ? (line 36) e) What is the difference between ‘drip’ (line n) and ‘trickle’ (line 39) ? 5. a) Why didn’t the man raise his head when the writer approached ? b) Why didn’t the writer realise immediately that something was wrong ?
Free practice The writer is being questioned by the police, who want to know: 1 why she was in the town 2 what she was doing 3 how she discovered the man 4 exactly what she saw
Student A: You are the policeman. Question the writer in as much detail as you can. Make sure she can prove she is innocent. Student Â: You are the writer. Give an account of your actions, without looking at the text.
Activities
ESKIMOS
An Eskimo who has never been near a city or a road in his life visits a big city. He sees lots of things he has never seen before. When he gets back home, he describes some of these unfamiliar things to his friends ...
1 You will hear the Eskimo describe one of the things he has seen in the city. Listen to the tape, and then try to guess what he has described.
2 Work in groups. Think of another familiar thing that the Eskimo saw in the city. Imagine you are the Eskimo, and work out how to describe it to your friends.
3 Describe your object to the rest of the class. They will try to guess what you have described.
COMPOSITION
Below are the first and last sentences of some paragraphs that set a scene for a story. Choose one of the scenes and write: a) a paragraph describing the scene b) a second paragraph continuing the story. Write 150-200 words.
1 When Jane got to the airport building, she found that it was swarming with people... ... Jane pushed her way through the crowd towards the information desk.
2 Brian unpacked his suitcase, and looked down from the hotel window to the square below; it was the busiest time of the day ... ... ‘What a nice change from London,’ he thought to himself.
3 On board the liner, there was no reason to believe that anything was wrong at all... ... In fact, for everyone on board it seemed to be just a normal, calm, sunny day. Unit 23 Criticising
23.1 WHAT’S WRONG? Presentation and practice
Look at the pictures. What can you find to criticise about the things and people in the pictures? Talk about them using should. Examples The children shouldn’t be skipping near the clothes line. There should be a clear notice saying ‘Danger’ near the lake. The children should be playing football in a park, not in the road. SHOULD & IF Presentation and practice
The windows are filthy. He overcooks everything. The paint’s peeling off. He doesn’t advertise. He overcharges. He closes at lunchtime. He keeps three cats in the cafe. He often loses his temper.
He doesn’t do very good business.
What should (or shouldn’t) he do? What particular things would (or wouldn’t) happen as a result?
Practice Work in groups. A: I don’t seem to be able to make any friends.
Ñ: Yes, ifyou went out more, you’d meet a few people.
Have similar conversations, using the situations below.
A always fails his/her exams A gets enormous electricity bills A feels completely exhausted A never has enough money A can’t sleep A keeps losing things A can’t get a job A never gets invited out
23.3 IRRITATING BEHAVIOUR
Presentation and practice How would you describe a person who is: vain absent-minded a gossip jealous inquisitive a bore clumsy aggressive a pessimist
Writing George is incredibly vain. He keeps buying new clothes, he’s always combing his hair, and he’s continually flicking specks of dust off his jacket. And he’s constantly looking at himself in shop windows.
Choose three of the characteristics in the list, and write similar paragraphs.
23.4 RECRIMINATIONS Free practice
Pair A: You are getting fed up with your roommate, because you think he/she: is too untidydoesn’t do enough housework is very unsociable doesn’t go out enough
You’ve decided to have a serious talk with him/her. Decide what particular things he/she keeps doing that annoy you, and prepare what you will say to him/her.
Pair Â: You are getting fed up with your roommate, because you think he/she: has too many friends to stay is too noisy is too fussy about the flat does too much cooking
You’ve decided to have a serious talk with him/her. Decide what particular things he/she keeps doing that annoy you, and prepare what you will say to him/her.
Now form new pairs (one A and one B) and act out the conversation.
23.5 PAST MISTAKES Presentation and practice
You will hear a conversation between a burglar and a detective. Listen to the tape, and answer the questions. 1. Why is the burglar being arrested ? 2. What five mistakes did he make ? What happened as a result of each one ?
23.6 EVENTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES
Presentation and practice
Example: The boat overturned. Colin wasn’t wearing a life jacket. He drowned. He should have been wearing a life jacket. If he’d been wearing a life jacket, he wouldn’thave drowned.
Look at the situations below. For each one: a) say what you think happened as a result b) say what the person should(n’t) have been doing c) explain your criticism using ‘If...’
1 A man stepped out in front of Basil’s car. Basil wasn’t concentrating on his driving. 2 Linda’s fiance walked in. Linda was kissing the electrician. 3 Dick was smoking in bed. He fell asleep. 4 The baby picked up a worm. Agnes wasn’t watching the baby. 5 The fire alarm went off. Phil was wearing his headphones.
Practice
Example: Fred has an awful cold. A: Poor old Fred. He’s got an awful cold. Â: It’s his own fault: he shouldn’t have gone for that long walk in the rain. Ñ: And he should have been wearing a raincoat. D: He should have changed his clothes when he got home, too. E: And he...
What other criticisms could you make about Fred ?
Work in groups. Have similar conversations about the following people. Think of as many criticisms as you can.
23.7 CARNIVAL
Reading
1. How often does the Carnival take place ?
2. Why do you think some people wanted it banned ?
3. Who are the National Front, and what is their policy ?
4. a) What do you think happened at the Carnival before the violence started ? b) How exactly did the violence start ?
5. What did the following groups do after that ? a) the police b) the youths c) the National Front
6. What opinion does each of the four speakers have about what happened ? Discussion
a) the Carnival organisers b) the black community c) the white community d) the National Front e) youths from outside the area f) the police Say what you think each group should/shouldn’t have done, and why.
Writing Write a letter to a newspaper expressing your views on who was to blame for the violence. Take any point of view you like. 23.8 WHOSE FAULT? Free practice
Work in groups. Think of either a recent disaster (e.g. an air crash) or a social or economic problem (e.g. unemployment) or a recent violent incident (e.g. football hooliganism).
Discuss why it happened, whose fault it is, and how it could have been avoided.
Unit 24 Explanations
24.1 KINDS OF EXPLANATION
Presentation and practice
1 In three sentences, say what each paragraph explains. 2 According to paragraph A , why do children start smoking? 3 According to paragraph g, what diseases can smoking cause? What is each disease caused by? 4 What is the purpose of ASH? What particular things does it do? Practice Work in groups. Discuss the following: 1 Do you agree with the reasons given in paragraph i ? What other reasons do you think there might be? 2 Why do you think people carry on smoking although they know the harmful effects of smoking? 3 What else can anti-smoking campaigns do to discourage people from smoking?
24.2 GIVING REASONS Practice
Example Peter sold his car and bought a motorcycle ... ... in order to save money. ... so that he could park in the city centre. ... because he didn’t want to get stuck in traffic jams. ...because petrol had become so expensive.
Why do you think these people did what they did ? 1 Angela sold her house in the country 3 Joanna started learning English, and bought a flat in London. 4 Colin decided to retire early, at 55. 2 Frank decided to take up karate. 5 Pauline stopped smoking.
Work in groups. What are the three most important decisions you ever made? Tell the others exactly what you did, and explain why.
24.3 GENERAL PURPOSE
Practice
1. Suggest what each of these organisations is for. Use the expressions below: The purpose of ....................... is to ............exists in order to .............. ............is concerned with................ –ing ............. 2. What do you think each organisation does to achieve its aims ?
Work in pairs. Student A: You are a spokesman for one of the organisations above (or for another organisation you know well). Answer student B’s questions. Student Â: You are a journalist. Interview student A about the purpose of his/her organisation, and what it does.
Writing Write a paragraph about the organisation you discussed.
24.4 CAUSES AND RESULTS
Presentation You will hear someone talking about conflict between teenagers and the law. Listen to the tape and answer the questions.
1 a) According to the speaker, what is the main cause of teenagers coming into conflict with the law ? b) What exactly does he say ? 2. What exactly does he say using: a) because of b) makes c) as a result d) lead to 3. What kind of ‘trouble’ do you think the speaker means ? Practice Work in groups. Which of the things below do you think are significant causes of conflict between teenagers and the law? Explain how they contribute to the problem. parents the police school TV and films the urban environment
Writing Choose two of the topics, and write two paragraphs based on your discussion.
24.5 EXPLANATIONS QUIZ Free practice
Now think of three ‘explanations’ questions of your own.
24.6 NOT WHAT YOU’D EXPECT Presentation and practice
He looked very scruffy, but he still got the job.
Change the sentences below in the same way, (a) with although/even though (b) with in spite of/despite. 1 She was 85 years old, but she still lived a very active life. 2 Video machines are expensive, but lots of people are buying them. 3 Her parents objected, but she still insisted on getting married. 4 Beethoven was deaf, but he continued composing until his death. 5 The acoustics in the hall are poor, but it is still regularly used for concerts. 6 We’ve known each other for a long time, but we still call each other by our surnames. 7 Hammerfest is a long way north of the Arctic Circle, but the sea never freezes there. 24.7 READING GAME: BECAUSE OF & IN SPITE OF Practice
Work in groups of three. You are students À, Â and C. Read through your own section only, and then play the game, starting with student A.
Examples A: Because of the cold weather ... Â or Ñ:... we kept the fire on all day. A:In spite of the cold weather ... Â or Ñ:... we all wore shorts.
24.8 OUT OF THE ORDINARY Free practice
Work in groups. Tell the others about someone you know who lives in a way that you find unusual or surprising. Say: 1. what is unusual about him/her 2. what you think he/she lives like that
24.9 SPOKES
Listening
You will hear an interview with a woman who represents an organisation called ‘Spokes’.
Writing Using information from the interview, write a paragraph of 100-150 words saying: 1 how facilities for cyclists in Britain are inadequate 2 what should be done about it
Discussion Work in groups. Discuss: 1 what facilities are provided for cyclists in your country 2 what facilities you think should be provided
Activities
CONTACT You are going to a cocktail party. Your teacher will give you a role-card. When you get it: i Read it carefully, and put it in your pocket. Do not show it to anyone else, z Go to the cocktail party.
COMPOSITION Write 150-200 words on one of the following:
1 Write a review for a newspaper of a recent film, play or book. 2 You recently bought either a car or a washing machine or a TV. You’ve had a lot of trouble with it ever since you bought it, and the after-sales service has been very unsatisfactory. Finally, you write a letter to the radio programme Any Complaints?, telling them about your problem. 3 Write a story about someone whose plans went horribly wrong.
JUST A MINUTE Talk for one minute about one of the topics below, as fluently as you can. You can say anything you like about the topic, but try not to:
a) hesitate for too long b) repeat yourself c) make any mistakes
If you do, the teacher will stop you, and ask someone else to continue.
topics
ON THE ROCKS
Pair A: You are Ann, Bill’s wife. You’ve been married for five years, and over the past couple of years your marriage hasn’t been going very well. In your opinion, your husband: 1 has given too little attention to the children 2 has spent too much time at the pub with his friends, whom you dislike 3 hasn’t helped you enough in the house 4 has only offered to take you out in the evening when he knows you’re busy 5 has not given you enough money for housekeeping
You want to save your marriage, and decide to have a serious talk with him. Think of some of the things you will say, including how you will answer his criticisms of you.
Pair Â: You are Bill, Ann’s husband. You’ve been married for five years, and over the past couple of years your marriage hasn’t been going very well. In your opinion, your wife: 1 has given all her attention to the children, not to you 2 hasn’t tried to make herself look attractive 3 hasn’t done enough housework or cooking 4 has been rude to several of your friends 5 has often unreasonably refused to go out with you
You want to save your marriage, and decide to have a serious talk with her. Think of some of the things you will say, including how you will answer her criticisms of you.
Now form new pairs (one A and one B) and have your discussion.
SITUATIONS
1. Someone you don’t like invites you to a party tomorrow evening. Make an excuse. 2. You are with a friend who is trying on a coat in a shop. You don’t think it looks good. Advise her not to buy it, and say why. 3. Someone asks you ‘What’s “Spokes” ?’ What do you say ? 4. Your sister is upset because her boyfriend has left her. You think it’s her own fault. Tell her so, and why. 5. A foreigner wants to study at a university in your country. Advise him what to do. 6. There was a road accident yesterday near your house. You arrived on the scene a few minutes after the accident. Describe what you saw. 7. You recently took up yoga. A friend asks you why. Explain. 8. Explain the rules of Just a Minute
TO BE USED 4.4
Listening texts
1.1 ROOMS AND FURNITURE
Landlady: 4474716. Student: Hello. Is that Mrs Davies? Landlady: Speaking. Student: Good afternoon. My name’s Stephen Brent. I was given your address by the student accommodation agency. I understand you have a room to let. Landlady: Yes, that’s right. I’ve just got one room still vacant. It’s an attic room, on the second floor. It’s rather small, but I’m sure you’ll find it’s very comfortable. Student: I see. And how much do you charge for it? Landlady: The rent’s £25 a week. That includes electricity, but not gas. Student: Has the room got central heating ? Landlady: No, it’s got a gas fire which keeps the room very warm. Student: I see ... And what about furniture ? It is furnished, isn’t it ? Landlady: Oh yes ... Er ... There’s a divan bed in the corner with a new mattress on it. Er ... Let me see ... There’s a small wardrobe, an armchair, a coffee table, a bookshelf... Student: Is there a desk ? Landlady: Yes, there’s one under the window. It’s got plenty of drawers and there’s a lamp on it. Student: Oh good ... Is there a washbasin in the room ? Landlady: No, I’m afraid there isn’t a washbasin. But there’s a bathroom just across the corridor, and that’s got a washbasin and a shower as well as a bath. You share the bathroom with the people in the other rooms. The toilet is separate, but unfortunately it’s on the floor below. Student: Oh, that’s all right... What about cooking ? Can I cook my own meals ? Landlady: Well, there’s a little kitchenette next to your room. It hasn’t got a proper cooker in it, but there’s a gas ring and an electric kettle by the sink. I find my students prefer to eat at the university. Student: I see. And is the room fairly quiet ? Landlady: Oh yes. It’s at the back of the house. It looks onto the garden and it faces south, so it’s bright and sunny, too. It’s very attractive, really. And it’s just under the roof, so it’s got a low, sloping ceiling. Would you like to come and see it ? I’ll be in for the rest of the day. Student: Yes, I’m very interested. It sounds like the kind of room I’m looking for. Can you tell me how to get there ? Landlady: Oh, it’s very easy. The house is only five minutes’ walk from Finchley Road tube station. Turn right outside the station, and then it’s the third street on the left. You can’t miss it. It’s got the number on the gate. It’s exactly opposite the cemetery. 1.7 TALKING ABOUT AMENITIES
Visitor: Where can I stay in this town ? Resident: There are lots of hotels, but they tend to be fairly expensive. And then there are bed and breakfast places, which are much cheaper - and you can find out about them through looking in the paper, or else just walking around the streets, and they have signs in the window saying ‘Bed & Breakfast’. And then there are youth hostels. Visitor: What are the youth hostels like ? Resident: The youth hostels are OK. All you get is a bed, but they do tend to be very cheap. Visitor: Do I have to become a member ? Resident: Yes, you do, in fact. But it’s very easy to join, and there’s an office along the road, where you can go and sign on.
2.4 INTENTIONS AND PLANS
1st Student: Well, first of all I’m intending to have a good long holiday abroad, just traveling round Europe, and then when I get tired of travelling I’m going to - well, come back and start looking for a job. I haven’t quite decided yet what job, but I’m probably going to try and get a job in advertising of some kind. 2nd Student: Well eventually I’m planning to open my own restaurant. Only I haven’t got enough money to do that at the moment of course, so I’ve decided to get a temporary job for a year or so, and I’m going to work really hard and try and save as much money as possible. Actually, I’m thinking of working as a waiter, or some job in a restaurant anyway ... 5.1 RELATING PAST EVENTS
Interviewer: Now let’s go back to your first novel, Rag Doll: When did you write that? Writer: Rag Doll, yes. I wrote that in i960, a year after I left school. Interviewer: How old were you then ? Interviewer: Um, eighteen ? Writer: Yes eighteen, because a year later I went to Indonesia. Interviewer: Mm. And of course it was your experience in Indonesia that inspired your film Eastern Moon. Writer: Yes that’s right, although I didn’t actually make Eastern Moon until 1978. Interviewer: And you worked in television for a time too. Writer: Yes, I started making documentaries for television in 1973, when I was 30. That was after I gave up farming. Interviewer: Farming? Writer: Yes, that’s right. You see, I stayed in Indonesia for eight years. I met my wife there in 1965, and after we came back we bought a farm in the West of England,’ in 1970. A kind of experiment, really. Interviewer: But you gave it up three years later. Writer: Well yes you see it was very hard work, and I was also very busy working on my second novel, The Cold Earth, which came out in 1975. Interviewer: Yes, that was a best-seller, wasn’t it? Writer: Yes it was, and that’s why only two years after that I was able to give up television work and concentrate on films ...
7.6 REPORTING OFFERS
Henry: Cigarette? Tony: Oh ... er ... thanks, Henry ... Um, do you have a light? Henry: Sorry. Here. Tony: Thanks. Lovely day. Pity I’m on duty. Henry: I’ll stand in for you if you like. I’ve got nothing else to do. Tony: Oh no, I couldn’t possibly ... Henry: Go on. Go off and have a good time. Here - you can have the Mini if you like. Tony: But... are you sure, Henry ? Henry: Of course I am. Take Jill up the mountains, or something. Tony: That’s ever so good of you, Henry. Oh, you ... er ... you won’t tell anyone, will you ... I mean, I am on duty. Henry: Not a word. Bye, Tony — enjoy yourself. Tony: Thanks Henry. I won’t forget this ... Henry: Damned right you won’t, you poor fool!
8.4 THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Alan: Hello, Charles – I haven’t seen you all day. What have you been doing ? Charles: Actually, I’ve been working on my first novel. Alan: Oh yes ? How far have you got with it ? Charles: Well, I’ve thought of a good title, and I’ve made a list of characters, and I’ve designed the front cover ... Alan: Have you started writing it yet ? Charles: Oh yes, I’ve written two pages already. Alan: Only two? Charles: Well yes - I haven’t quite decided yet what happens next.
10.3 REMEMBERING THE PAST
I remember sailing on a pond that used to be by my grandfather’s sawmill - we had a boat, and we used to go sailing on this. Also, we used to do a lot of climbing trees. We used to climb these trees for apples, which we then ate and made ourselves very sick. And my mother would come along and complain very strongly, but I don’t think that stopped us at all. And of course in those days I had a bike, too, and I remember I used to push it up this very long hill near our house and then I’d get on and ride down as fast as I could go. My mother used to complain about that, too.
11.3 PREFERENCES
Woman: Which do you prefer: driving a car yourself or being a passenger ? Man: Well — that depends. I enjoy driving, especially on long empty roads where I can go nice and fast. But I’m not very fond of sitting in traffic jams waiting for lights to change, and things like that. I suppose I don’t mind being a passenger, but only if I’m sure that the other person really can drive properly. Woman: So you don’t really like being in other people’s cars, then ? Man: Well, as I say, it’s all right with a good driver. Then I can relax, sit back and enjoy the scenery. But yes, you’re right - on the whole I certainly prefer driving to being a passenger.
12.4 EXPERIENCES
A: Have you ever been chased by a dog, Keith? Â: No I haven’t, but I have been chased by a bull. A: Really? Â: Yes, it was a couple of weekends ago -1 was, er, I was going for a walk out in the country following this footpath and it went through a field, and I was so busy looking out for the footpath that I didn’t notice that the field was full of young bullocks. And the trouble was I was wearing this bright red anorak, and suddenly the bulls started bucking and jumping up and down and started chasing me. Ñ: What did you do? B: Well I was pretty scared - I just ran for the nearest fence and jumped over it. C: Actually I do know somebody who once got bitten by a dog while he was jogging. A: Was he? How did that happen? C: Well he was running past a farm when suddenly this sheepdog came out and started barking at him, so he tried to kick it out of the way but then suddenly the dog jumped up and bit him in the leg. I think he had to go to the doctor to make sure it wasn’t infected.
13.3 HOW MUCH?
B: No I don’t do very much.
13.4 KINDS OF PEOPLE
He’s quite a solitary type of person, really. You know, he spends most of his time at home, reading, listening to the radio, things like that. He goes out to the pub occasionally, and he does quite a lot of singing, too - he belongs to the local choir, I believe — but you never see him at weekends. He’s always off somewhere in the country, walking or fishing. He does a lot of fishing, actually - but always on his own. Funny sort of bloke.
14.3 PROBLEMS
My problem is with my mother, who is now well over 70 and a widow and becoming very fragile, and she really needs my help. But where she lives, in the country, there’s no work available for me - I’m a designer - and she can’t come and live with me because she says she doesn’t like the climate because it’s too bad for her rheumatism, which is actually true - it’s very cold here. And if I go and work there as something else where she lives, perhaps as a secretary, it means we have to take a drastic drop in salary. So I don’t really know what to do.
15.1 ORIGIN AND DURATION
Dialogue 1 A: Hmm. You’re a good squash player. How long have you been playing? Â: Oh, I’ve been playing since the beginning of last term. What about you ? A: Me ? Oh, I’ve been playing for about two years now - but I’m still not very good.
Dialogue 2 A: I suppose you know how to waltz, do you ? B: Yes, but not very well, I’m afraid. I only learnt a few weeks ago. When did you learn? A: Oh, I learnt to waltz in about 1970 - just after I left school. Er - shall we dance, then ?
Dialogue 3 A: And this is my cousin, Sue. Â: Ah yes - we already know each other actually. A: Do you ? How long have you known each other, then ? B: Oh, we’ve known each other for about six months now, I think, haven’t we? Ñ: Oh no much longer than that. We met about a year ago, at that Christmas party — remember?
17.6 TASTES IN COMMON
Woman A: I can’t stand places like Majorca or the Costa Brava. Man: No, nor can I. Woman A: You know, where you have to share the beach with thousands of other people and everyone speaks English. Woman Â: Oh I don’t mind that. Man: Oh I do. I never go to places like that. I like to get right away from all the tourists, go somewhere that’s really quiet and peaceful, like an island or something. Woman A: Yes, so do I - where no-one speaks English. Woman Â: What’s wrong with people speaking English ? I like meeting people when I’m on holiday. I like places with a good night life, and plenty of men around, and ... well, you know, where you can have a good time ...
18.6 FREEDOM OF CHOICE
When parents make a lot of rules about their children’s behaviour, they make trouble - for themselves. I used to spend half my time making sure my rules were obeyed, and the other half answering questions like ‘Jack can get up whenever he likes, so why can’t I ?’ or ‘Why can’t I play with Angela ? Jack’s mum doesn’t mind who be plays with.’ or ‘Jack can drink anything he likes. Why can’t I drink wine too ?’ Jack’s mum, I decided, was a wise woman. I started saying things like ‘Of course, dear. You can drink as much wine as you like.’ and ‘No, I don’t mind how late you get up.’ and ‘Yes, dear, you can play with Angela as often as you like.’ The results have been marvellous. They don’t want to get up late any more, they’ve decided they don’t like wine, and, most important, they’ve stopped playing with Angela. I’ve now realised (as Jack’s mum realised a long time ago) that they only wanted to do all these nasty things because they weren’t allowed to.
19.1 DEGREES OF PROBABILITY
A: No luck then, John ? B: Afraid not, sir. Not yet, anyhow. We’re still checking on stolen cars. A: Mm. Â: Where do you think he’ll head for, sir ? A: Well, he definitely won’t try to leave the country yet. He may try to get a passport, and he’ll certainly need clothes and money. He’ll probably get in touch with Cornfield for those, so I expect he’ll make for Birmingham. Â: Right. I’ll put some men on the house. A: Yes, do that. Mind you, I doubt if he’ll show up there in person. Hammond’s no fool, you know. I should think he’ll probably telephone. Â: What about his wife ? A: Mm. I shouldn’t think he’ll go anywhere near her — though he might get her to join him after he’s left the country. And when he does leave, he probably won’t use a major airport, either. So you’d better alert the coastguard, and keep an eye on the private airfields. Â: Right, sir. I’d better get his description circulated. A: Yes. He may change his appearance, of course, but I don’t expect he’ll be able to do much about the tattoos ... And John - be careful. He could be armed. And if I know Hammond, he certainly won’t give himself up without a fight.
20.2 THE LOST PROPERTY OFFICE
Assistant: Good morning, sir. Man: Good morning. I wonder if you can help. I’ve lost my coat. Assistant: Where did you lose it, sir ? Man: Er ... I left it on the ... um ... underground yesterday morning. Assistant: Can you describe it ? Man: Well, it’s a full-length brown overcoat with a check pattern on it. It’s got a wide belt, and one of those thick furry collars that keep your ears warm. It’s a very nice coat, actually. Assistant: Hmm. I’m afraid we haven’t got anything like that, sir. Sorry. Man: Well, to tell you the truth, I lost another coat last week. On the bus. It’s a three- quarter length coat - it’s grey, with big black buttons and a black belt. Assistant: Sorry, sir. Nothing like that. Man: Hmm. And then only this morning I left my white raincoat in a park. It’s got a silk lining... Assistant: Look, sir. I’m a busy woman. If you really need a coat so badly, there’s a very good second-hand clothes shop just round the corner ...
ACTIVITIES (following Unit 20): CALL MY BLUFF
Voice 1: Well, hunk is a verb. And it means to carry something, particularly something that’s heavy and difficult to move. So you can say something like ‘When I saw the men they were hunking the piano down the stairs’. Voice 2: Actually, hunk is the cry made by an elephant, especially when it’s angry, or it’s trying to contact other elephants. The word sounds like the noise they make — ‘hunk, hunk’. So you can say, for example, ‘The elephants are hunking a lot tonight’. Voice 3: No, no, the truth is, hunk is a noun. And it means a piece of something, a big thick piece. So if you cut a thin piece of bread, that’s not a hunk. When you tear off a thick piece of bread, that’s a hunk. Today, for example, I had a big hunk of bread and cheese for my lunch.
21.5 FAULTS AND REMEDIES
Woman: The trouble with education in Britain, I think, lies with the teachers. I don’t think teachers get nearly enough training in actually how to teach rather than the subject. I think they’re too serious, too academic, they’re not imaginative enough. And that means that there’s not enough excitement in the classroom for children to get interested in the subject. Man: Yes, I agree. I think there’s too much theoretical teaching given and not enough practical education, with the result that pupils are far too busy studying for exams to have time to learn about life itself and how to, how to live in the world. Woman: Mm. I think all teachers should be at least 25 before they start teaching. I think they should be forced to live in the outside world, rather than go from the classroom to the university and back to the classroom again.
22.1 SETTING A SCENE
Extract 1 It was early afternoon, and the beach was almost empty. It was getting hot now. Most of the tourists were still finishing their lunch back at the hotel, or taking their afternoon siesta in the air-conditioned comfort of their rooms. One or two Englishmen were still lying stretched out on the sand, determined to go home with a good suntan, and a few local children were splashing around in the clear shallow water. There was a large yacht moving slowly across the bay. The girl was on board. She was standing at the back of the boat, getting ready to dive. Jason put on his sunglasses and casually wandered down towards the sandy beach ...
Extract 2 Jacqueline got out of the bus and looked around her. It was typical of the small villages of that part of the country. The houses stood in two long lines on either side of the dusty road which led to the capital. In the square, the paint was peeling off the Town Hall, and some small children were running up and down its steps, laughing. On the other side, there were a few old men sitting outside a cafe playing backgammon and smoking their pipes. A lonely donkey was quietly munching the long dry grass at the foot of the statue that stood in the centre of the square. Jacqueline sighed ...
22.7 MEMORIES
Well, we met at a party in London. You see I’d just moved to London because of my job and I didn’t really know anybody, and one of the people at work had invited me to this party and so there I was. But it was one of those boring parties, you know everybody was just sitting in small groups talking to people they knew already, and I was feeling really bored with the whole thing. And then I noticed this rather attractive girl sitting at the edge of one of the groups, and she was looking bored too, just about as bored as I was. And so we started, um, we started looking at each other, and then I went across and we started talking. And as it turned out she’d only just arrived in London herself so we had quite a bit in common - and well that’s how it all started really.
ACTIVITIES (following Unit 22): ESKIMOS
A: Well it’s got two big wheels one behind the other, and there’s a kind of metal frame between the wheels that holds them together. And there’s a little seat above the back wheel that you can sit on, and above the front wheel there’s a sort of metal bar that sticks out on both sides. And you sit on the seat you see, and you put your hands on this metal bar thing – and the whole thing moves forwards – it’s amazing. B: What makes it move forward, then ? A: Ah well in the middle you see, between the two wheels, there are these other bits of metal and you can put your feet on these and turn them round and that makes the wheels go round. Â: Hang on - if it’s only got two wheels why doesn’t the whole thing fall over ? A: Well you see, um, well I’m not sure actually ...
23.5 PAST MISTAKES
A: Me, officer? You’re joking! B: Come off it, Mulligan. For a start, you spent three days watching the house. You shouldn’t have done that, you know. The neighbours got suspicious and phoned the police ... A: But 1 was only looking, officer. B: ... and on the day of the robbery, you really shouldn’t have used your own car. We got your number. And if you’d worn a mask, you wouldn’t have been recognised. A: I didn’t go inside! B: Ah, there’s another thing. You should’ve worn gloves, Mulligan. If you had, you wouldn’t have left your fingerprints all over the house. We found your fingerprints on the jewels, too. A: You mean ... you’ve found the jewels ? B: Oh yes. Where you ... er ... ‘hid’ them. Under your mattress. A: My God! You know everything! I’ll tell you something, officer – you shouldn’t have joined the police force. If you’d taken up burglary, you’d have made a fortune!
24.4 CAUSES AND RESULTS
Well, I think that this problem of teenagers getting into trouble with the law is mainly caused by unemployment. You see, because of the high level of unemployment, so many teenagers nowadays leave school and find that they have no chance of getting a job, and this obviously makes them feel bored and frustrated. And as a result of this, they’re much more likely to get drunk and so on. Another thing of course is that you get groups of unemployed teenagers wandering around the streets with nothing to do, which can easily lead to trouble of one sort or another ... Drills
LAB SESSION 1 (UNITS 1-2)
Drill 1 Having things done Are you going to alter that suit yourself? No I’m going to have it altered at the tailor’s.
You’re not going to develop those films yourself, are you? No, I’m going to have them developed at the photographer’s.
Drill 2 Spontaneous decisions Apparently that new play is fantastic, (go and see) Mm. In that case, I think I’ll go and see it.
That cake looks horrible, (have) Mm. In that case I don’t think I’ll have any.
Drill 3 Asking about intentions and plans They’re going to paint their kitchen either white or yellow. What colour are they going to paint their kitchen ?
He’s thinking of going abroad either in March or in April. When’s he thinking of going abr Date: 2015-12-24; view: 661
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Later that evening, the party got completely out of hand, and a neighbour called the police.
Colin has a cafe.
Who, in your opinion, was most to blame for the violence?
