Mark the correct variations to complete the sentences

1. The transition from analogue to …………………technology is now expanding this capacity enormously.

a) electrical engineering b) power c) information d) digital transmission

2. The BBC provides two complementary national terrestrial…………………..

a) branch b) technology c) television networks d) magazine

3. Independent ………………….operate under license to the Radio Authority.

a) manager agencies b) radio program companies c) local newspapers d) periodical press

4. Cable services are delivered through ………………..and are paid for subscription.

a) underground cables b) state control c) political views d) advanced computer

5. It is estimated that thirty five to forty million ……………..currently are on the Internet.

a) computers b) users c) newspapers d) tables

6. The Internet, up to the beginning of the 90s, was used only to read………………….

a) some poems b) total circulation c) different texts d) daily papers

7. Many ……………………are spending enormous amounts of money to upgrade the telephone lines.

a) state guaranties b) public opinion c) truthful information d) telephone companies

8. The cable system was built to only ……………………one way.

a) send information b) show leanings c) have a circulation d) make more effective

9. Internet providers are trying ……………………..for customers.

a) mass media b) new ways of pricing c) production processes d) readers and viewers

10. We must not only improve ……………..and means of access, but also be reasonable in usage.

a) production costs b) important information c) the telephone lines d) the latest news

Ukrainian mass media, which include press, radio and television are independent, and the state guarantees their economic independence. There are more than 4.000 periodicals in Ukraine now, and new radio and TV channels, newspapers and magazines appear every year.

The role of mass media in our everyday life is enormous. Where do we get most of the news? From TV or radio programs, or from the newspapers. What forms public opinion? Mass media. So they bear great responsibility and should always give truthful information to their readers and viewers.

In Ukraine there are several information agencies that supply the population of the country with the latest news. These agencies are: "UKRIN-FORM"- "Ukrainian National Information Agency", the "UNIAR" — "The Ukrainian Independent Informational Agency 'Respublika'", the "UNIAN" — "The Ukrainian Independent News Agency Interfax — Ukraina" and some others. These agencies have reporters in every administrative region of our country and in all major foreign countries. They collect the most interesting and important information for the readers of newspapers and magazines and viewers.

There are newspapers and magazines for the readers of all ages and professions, with different interests, tastes and hobbies. For example, those who are interested in politics can read the newspapers "Day", "Today", "Kyivsky Vidomosty". In these newspapers the readers can also find information about home affairs, culture and sports. These publications deal with the burning problems of our present life and history, and at the same time there you can find amusing stories, crosswords and puzzles than can entertain you in your spare time. Enthusiastic sports fans of Ukraine like the newspaper "Sportyvna Gazeta". There is a special newspaper for those who live in the country and are interested in farming — "Silske Zhyttia".

Doctors, nurses and people who are interested in medicine prefer reading the "Medical Newspaper". There are also magazines for businessmen and businesswomen, for scientists and gardeners, etc. Those who like to learn about new publications in literature can read the magazine "Dnipro" and "Vsesvit". Teachers have their own newspaper "Uchitelska Gazeta", and specialists of different subjects can buy journals in their special fields. Young people like to read the newspapers like "Telenedelia".

Some people buy newspapers and magazines every day, others prefer to subscribe to them, and in this case these periodicals are delivered to their homes. Payment for a subscription to a newspaper and magazines is accepted at every post-office.

Ukrainian learners of English can find a lot of interesting information in the newspapers and magazines published in English — "Kyiv Post", "News from Ukraine", "Digest".

Everywhere we go, we hear about the Internet. It's on television, in magazines, newspapers, and in schools. One might think that this network of millions of computers around the globe is as fast and captivating as television, but with more and more users logging on everyday and staying on longer and longer, this «Information Superhighway» could be perhaps more correctly referred to as an expressway of big city centre at rush hour.

It is estimated that thirty five to forty million users currently are on the Internet. According to a recent statistics, an average Internet call lasts five times as longer as the average regular telephone call. 10 percent of the Internet calls last 6 hours or longer. This can cause an overload and, in turn, cause telephone network to fail.

The local network was designed for short calls which you make and then hang up, but Internet calls often occupy a line for hours. With so many users in the Internet and their number is growing by 200 percent annually, it certainly provides new challenges for the telephone companies. The Internet, up to the beginning of the 90s, was used only to read different texts. Then in the early 90's, a way was made to see pictures and listen to a sound on the Internet. This breakthrough made the Internet to be most demanded means of communication, data saving and transporting.

However, today's net is much more than just pictures, text, and sound. The Internet is now filled with voice massages, video conferencing and video games. With voice massages, users can talk over the Internet for the price of the local phone call.

Nowadays we no longer have to own a computer to access the Internet. Now,-devices such as Web TV allow our television to browse the Web and use Electronic Mail. Cellular phones are now also dialing up the Internet to provide E-mail and answering machine services. The telephone network was not designed and built to handle these sorts of things. Many telephone companies are spending enormous amounts of money to upgrade the telephone lines.

K. Kao and G. Hockman were the first to come up with the idea of using fiber optic cables, as opposed to copper wire, to carry telephone signals. Fiber optics uses pulses of light to transmit binary code, such as that used in computers and other electronic devices. As a result the amount of bandwidth is incredibly raised. Another solution for the problem is fast modems which satisfy the need for speed.

By accessing the Net through the coaxial cable that provides television to our homes, the speed can be increased 1,000 fold. However, the cable system was built to only send information one way. In other words, they can send stuff to us, but we can't send anything back, if there is no modem available.

Yet another way is being introduced to access the Internet, and that is through the use of a satellite dish just like the TV dishes currently used to deliver television from satellites in space to your home. However, like cable connection, the information can only be sent one way.

Faster ways of connecting to the Internet may sound like a solution to the problem, but, just as new lanes on highways attract more cars, a faster Internet could attract many times more users, making it even slower than before.

To help solve the problem of Internet clogs, Internet providers are trying new ways of pricing for customers. So, in business time any connection to Net cost more than your connection in the night.

In conclusion, I should add that if we want to keep the Internet usable and fairly fast, we must not only improve the telephone lines and means of access, but also be reasonable in usage.

The Internet has already entered our ordinary life. Everybody knows that the Internet is a global computer network, which embraces hundred of millions of users all over the world and helps us to communicate with each other.

The history of Internet began in the United States in 1969. It was a military experiment, designed to help to survive during a nuclear war, when everything around might be polluted by radiation and it would be dangerous to get out for any living being to get some information to anywhere. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest and safest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the net will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology was called packet switching.

Invention of modems, special devices allowing your computer to send the information through the telephone line, has opened doors to the Internet for millions of people.

Most of the Internet host computers are in the United States of America. It is clear that the accurate number of users can be counted fairly approximately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet today, because there are hundred of millions of users and their number is growing.

Nowadays the most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. They can do it either they are at home or in the internet clubs or at work. Other popular services are available on the Internet too. It is reading news, available on some dedicated news servers, telnet, FTP servers, etc.

In many countries, the Internet could provide businessmen with a reliable, alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems its own system of communications. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for international calls around the world, when you pay a good deal of money.

But saving money is only the first step and not the last one. There is a commercial use of this network and it is drastically increasing. Now you can work through the internet, gambling and playing through the net.

However, there are some problems. The most important problem is security. When you send an e-mail, your message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. Because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. But there are many encoding programs available. Not with-standing, these programs are not perfect and can easily be cracked.

Another big and serious problem of the net is control. Yes, there is no effective control in the Internet, because a huge amount of information circulating through the net. It is like a tremendous library and market together. In the future, the situation might change, but now we have what we have. It could be expressed in two words— an anarchist's dream.

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 896