SCI 111, Principles of Classical Physics Center of masses in Astronomic bodies

What is American culture? There is no one answer to this question, and everyone you ask will probably give you a slightly different answer! The reason is because the USA is a diverse land. Covering more than 9.6 million square kilometers, it is home to more than 290 million people.

The American state of California (especially the Hollywood region) is home to a thriving motion picture industry, with prominent film studios such as Warner Brothers, Paramount, and MGM creating dozens of multi-million dollar films every year that are enjoyed around the world. American actors are often among the world's most popular and easily identified celebrities. It's worth noting that Hollywood also tends to attract many immigrant actors and directors from around the world, many of whom, such as actor Russell Crowe or director Ang Lee become just as famous and successful as American-born stars.The United States was a leading pioneer of T.V. as an entertainment medium, and the tradition remains strong to this day. Many Am television sitcoms, dramas, game shows and reality shows remain very popular both in the US and abroad. Animation is a popular US entertainment medium. The characters created by Walt Disney and Warner Brothers animation studios remain very popular. In music, the United States has pioneered many distinct genres, such as country and western, jazz,rock music, hip hop, and gospel. African-American cultural influences play a particularly prominent role in many of these traditions.

While there are core values that unite Am-ns. IndividualismEach person is responsible for himself. As a result, there is less of a sense of community and less of a reliance on family members. It is also for this reason that many people from other countries perceive Am-s as self-focused. Equality of All PeopleAm-s believe strongly in the equality of all people. Today the US has "equal opportunity" laws prohibiting the discrimination of individuals on such things as race, nationality, gender, religion, age, or disability. CompetitionAm-s believe that competition brings out the best. The Am economic system is a "free market" system where companies are encouraged to complete. Competition lowers prices and increases quality. Value of TimeAm-s are very time oriented and believe that time is precious. As some Am-s say, "To be early is to be on-time. To be on-time is to be late. To be late is to be dead." One of the greatest insults is to tell someone they have wasted time. Being Direct, To The Point, and Honest They want you to get to the point. Most Am-s will be very frustrated if you come to ask a question, but spend the first fifteen minutes talking about family. They also expect you to make eye contact when you speak with them PrivacyAs they say in the USA, "mind your own business." Most Am-s do not want your assistance or advice unless they ask. To try to help when it is not requested is to intrude. As a result, even a police officer cannot search an American's home unless a court has determined that there is suspicion of wrong-doing and issues a "warrant" allowing the police to search a home.

SCI 111, Principles of Classical Physics Center of masses in Astronomic bodies

The center of mass of objects in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero. The center of mass plays an important role in astronomy and astrophysics, where it is referred to as the barycenter. The barycenter is the point between two objects where they balance each other; it is the center of mass where two or more bodies orbit each other. When a moon orbits a planet, or a planet orbits a star, both bodies are actually orbiting around a point that lies away from the center of a larger body. For example, the Moon does not orbit the exact center of the Earth, but a point on a line between the center of the Earth and the Moon, approximately 1,710 km (1062 miles) below the surface of the Earth, where their respective masses balance.

To find the barycenter of two bodies one can use a formula

Where

a - is the distance between the centers of the two bodies;

m1 - and m2 are the masses of the two bodies.

Depending on the masses of the stellar bodies, there are different cases of rotation around the center of the masses. In each of these cases, the position of the center of the mass will depend on the masses of the objects involved.

1. The masses are approximately the same.

In this case, the center of the masses will be exactly in the middle between these two objects and consequently they both will rotate around the same barycenter.

2. Mass of one of the bodies is bigger than the mass of another body. In this case, the center of the masses will be external for both bodies.

3. One body has sufficiently greater mass than another body. In this case, the center of masses will be internal for a body with a bigger mass. This model depicts the algorithm of motion of Earth and Moon.

4. One body has much more greater mass than another body. In this case, the center of masses will be internal for a body with a huge mass. This model depicts the algorithm of motion of Sun and Earth.

5. Two bodies with the same mass orbiting a common barycenter, external to both bodies, with eccentric elliptic orbits (a common situation for binary stars).

If the difference in mass is big, enough it may cause wobbling of one body. If the body wobbles, it causes the Doppler Effect. The Doppler Effect is observed whenever the source of waves is moving with respect to an observer. The Doppler Effect can be described as the effect produced by a moving source of waves in which there is an apparent upward shift in frequency for observers towards whom the source is approaching and an apparent downward shift in frequency for observers from whom the source is receding. When this happens to light, it is known as a blue or red shift. By measuring this shift in the color of the light, scientists can work out how big the planet is and how fast it orbits.

Red and Blue spectrums which are used to find the wobbling stars.

Date: 2015-01-02; view: 1068