Examples of Incorrect Usage

I have came too early, (have come) They have drank too much juice, (have drunk)

She has went to work, (has gone)

I have rode a bike since I was It), (have ridden)

I have ran four miles, (have run)

I seen the accident as it was happening, (have seen)

We have spoke on the phone, (have spoken)

I have wrote a letter, (have written

II.Pronunciation practice.

Installation, petrochemical, further, typically, refinery, attach, comparatively, vehicle, unsophisticated, manufacture, suitable, delivery, automation, facility, additives, significant, operational, activity.

III.Look through the text and discuss the questions.

1. What did you understand by the title of the article?

2. What industrial facilities for the storage of oil and/or petrochemical products do you know?

3. Where are the oil depots usually situated?

4. What are the oil depots usually attached to?

5. Will you find any processing installations on the terri- tory of the oil depot?

6. Have you ever been to the oil depot?

Oil depot

An oil depot (sometimes called a tank farm, installation or oil terminal) is an industrial facility for the storage of oil and/ or petrochemical products and from which these products are drawn.

An oil depot typically has tankage, either above ground or underground, and gantries for the discharge of products into road tankers or other vehicles (such as barges) or pipelines.

Oil depots are usually situated close to oil refineries or in locations where marine tankers containing products can dis­charge their cargo. Some depots are attached to pipelines from which they draw their supplies and depots can also be fed by rail, by barge and by road tanker (sometimes known as “brid­ging”). Most oil depots have road tankers operating from their grounds and these vehicles transport products to petrol stations or other users.

An oil depot is a comparatively unsophisticated facility in that (in most cases) there is no processing or other transfor­mation on site. The products which reach the depot (from a re­finery) are in their final form suitable for delivery to custo­mers. In some cases additives may be injected into products in tanks, but there is usually no manufacturing plant on site.

Modern depots comprise the same types of tankage, pipelines and gantries as those in the past and whilst there is a greater degree of automation on site, there have been few significant changes in depot operational activities over time.

IV. Fill in the gaps. Choose from the words given below.

Environment, key, gasoline, depot, protection, fuel, stored,

flammable, leakages, soil.

One of the____________ imperatives is Health, Safety and

_______________ (HSE) and the operators of a______________ must

ensure that products are safely_____________________ and handled

and that there are no______________________ which could damage the

___________ or the water table.

Fire____________ is a primary consideration, especially for

the more_______________ products such as petrol (______________ )

and Aviation__________ .

V. Join the parts of two sentences together and read the piece of information.

Airports

1. — Most airports also have their own

- where aviation fuel (Jet A or 100LL) is stored

- dedicated oil depots (usually called “fuel farms^w)

- prior to being discharged into aircraft fuel tanks.

- or via a hydrant system.

- to the aircraft either by road tanker

- Fuel is transported from the depot

II.Make the right choice: adjective or adverb?

A storage tank is a container, usual/usually for holding liquids, sometimes for compressed gases (gas tank). The term Can be used for both reservoirs (artificial/artificially lakes and ponds), and for manufactured containers. The usage of the word “tank” for reservoirs is commonly/common or universal/ universally in Indian English, and moderate/moderately com- mon in British English. In other countries, the term tends to refer only to artificial/artificially created containers such as ponds or small lakes.

Did you know that...

...Storage tanks may often operate under no (or very little) pressure, distinguishing them from pressure vessels*

...Storage tanks are often vertical cylindrical in shape, per­pendicular to the ground with flat bottoms and fixed domed roofs, hinged or floating roofs.

...There are many Environmental considerations and regulations applicable to the design and operation of storage, tanks, often depending on nature the fluid contained within.

...Above ground storage tanks (AST) differ from under­ground (UST) varieties in the kinds of regulations that are applied.

III.Fill in the missing letters and read the extract. What is the meaning of the underlined words?

Reservo...rs may be open or co,..ered, if co...ered they wo...ld be refer....ed to as unde ...ground stora...e tanks or reservo...rs. Covered w...ter tanks are com...on in u...ban areas.

Stora...e tanks are available in many shapes:

- vertical and horizontal cylindrical;

- op...n top and clo...ed top;

- flat bottom, con... bottom, slop... bottom and di...h bottom.

VIII.Make up questions to the answers.

1. Large tanks tend to be vertical cylindrical, or to have rounded corners.

2. Large tanks have rounded corners to easier withstand hydraulic hydrostatically induced pressure of contained liquid.

3. Most container tanks for handling liquids during trans­portation are designed to handle varying degrees of pressure.

4. A large tank is sometimes mounted on a lorry, truck or on an articulated lorry trailer.

IX.Recognize the headword in the list of word-combina- tions and find the translation in your dictionary.

1. false bottom, bottom shelf, flat bottom, bottom line, cone bottom, slope bottom, dish bottom, bottom upwards;

2. petrol tank, water tank, tank trap, tank warfare, cargo tank, tanker;

3. storage tank, storage battery, cold storage, naval sto­rages, military storages, multiple storage, general storage, storage house, storage keeper, storage room, storage ship.

X.Are the following statements true or false? Correct the false ones and discuss your answers.

1. An oil depot is an industrial installation for the storage of oil and/or petrochemical products.

2. From the oil terminal oil products are usually sent in parcels with false bottom to end users or further storage facili­ties.

3. An oil depot typically has tankage, either in the strato­sphere or on the ocean bottom.

4. An oil depot doesn’t have gantries for the discharge of products into road tankers or other vehicles (such as barges) or pipelines.

5. Oil depots are always situated far from oil refineries,

6. Sometimes oil depots are situated in locations where marine tankers can discharge their cargo.

7. Usually depots are attached to pipelines from which they draw their supplies.

8. Rarely oil depots are fed by rail, by barge or by road tanker (sometimes known as «depressing»).

9. Most oil depots have road tankers operating from their grounds and these vehicles transport products to the super­markets or other users.

10. An oil depot is a comparatively unsophisticated facility in which there is no processing or other transformation on site,

11. The products which reach the depot (from a refinery) are in their final form suitable for delivery to customers,

12. In some cases additives may be injected into products in tanks, but there is usually no manufacturing plant on site.

13. Modern depots comprise the same types of tankage, pipelines and gantries as those in the past.

Check yourself!

Date: 2015-12-24; view: 799