METONYMY.

The relations between the tenor & vehicle in Metonymy is that of contiguity. Contrary to metaphor, in Metonymy there is an objectively existing relationship between the tenor & vehicle.

The types of relationships:

1) the object may stand for the user

E.g. Their sacs(sacsafon players) has flew today.

2) the play stands for the event

E.g. Will Afghanistan be Obama’s Vietnam?

3) the institution stands for people responsible

E.g. The Senate thinks that abortion is immoral.

4) the result may stand for the cause & the cause – for the result

E.g. Grey hair is not always respected.

The author flings his pen coarsely.

5) the instrument stands for the action

E.g. Friends, lend me your ears (=listen to me)

6) the container stands for the thing it contains

E.g. The kettle boils.

7) the abstract noun stands for the concrete one or contrary

E.g. Labour is demonstrated in the street.

8) material stands for the thing made of it

E.g. A shower of steel fell on the trenches.

9) the name of the creator stands for his creation

E.g. He bought a Ford

Synechdoche is based on quantitative relations between the tenor & vehicle. It’s when a part stands for a whole, or a whole stands for a part. E.g. Red Cap. Blue Beard. White-callers?(=office workers). The hat went away.

11.Antono'masia based on the interplay between the logical and nominal meanings of the word. Nominal meaning characterizes definite &singular beings and things. In grammar this words are classified as proper words. A. is a use of a proper name for a common name/contrary. 2 types: 1)metonymic & 2)metaphoric.

2. When the name of some place stands for the event that happened there. The name of some establishment is used for it's policy. Things are called after inventors. Geographical names denote things ordinary from there.(Champagne.)

3. Metaphorical A. 2 types:

1) When a proper name stands for a common noun. Proper name reveals the most striking feature of a character’s personality. E.g. He is an Othello.

2) Any common noun may be used as a proper name. The type is always original, the person is name serves his characteristic.

The appeal of imagination in metonymy is weaker than that of metaphor, but it's also a powerful means of poetic expression. It can pick out one picturesque picture of a complex thing or phenomenon and characterize it concisely.

Date: 2015-01-02; view: 1620