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Incorporating quotations in writing

The main uses of quotations in writing are as follows:

  • Support for an argument or point of view. As X has observed “.....”
  • Exemplification of the point being made. Thus, for example, “ “
  • Introduction of a point or viewpoint etc. According to X, “…..”
  • Conclusion of a discussion, analysis, etc. Therefore X concludes: “ “
  • Explanation of a point, item, etc. X explains it as follows “….”

There are many verbs and phrase that can be used to introduce quotations in writing. Some of the main structures are as follows:

As X observed/ pointed out/ suggested/ noted/ indicated “…..”

According to X “….”

For example, X argued that “….”

X suggested that “….”

The need for it is widely recognized: “….”

Writing in 1995, X commented that “….”

To quote X: “….”

Recent research by X shows that “….”

Quotations should not be overused: your own writing is more important to your teacher or supervisor.

 

Practice:Write a short bibliography for your subject, listing five to ten books and articles. Ensure that all the details are correct.

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7.2. CV Writing

A general CV for a student might include the following headings :personal details, educational qualifications, work experience, interests, skills, organizations.

You should do your CV on the computer. The layout is very important. Think of personal data for the chosen position. You must be honest and should be creative as well. An example of a general CV is presented below. Analyze it and write your own taking into consideration some prompts. Write your name as you have it spelt in your ‘foreign’ passport. Otherwise, it can be difficult to identify you. Always give a title Mr for a male, Miss for an unmarried woman, Mrs for a married woman (Ms is more neutral and more common nowadays, since in real life nobody is interested in whether if you as married or not). As for your address, this thing is important for a postman but not for your employer. So do not translate 'ulitsa\ 'pereulok' into English. Follow the order offered: the name of the street, house number, flat, city, post code, country.



If you are writing abroad, show the international code of your place. It will be much more convenient to get in touch with you.

Date of birth, marital status, nationality (i.e. citizen ship) can be omitted. If you have made a decision to include these facts in your CV, remember to write full names of the months, but not numbers.

If you are married, it is not necessary to mention the name of your spouse. If you are divorced, do not expose this. Information on educational qualification is very significant. Start with the last educational establishment you have graduated from or have been studying at. If you are a student, you can write the year when you entered the University or Academy in such a way: 2000 — present St. Petersburg State University, Economics Department.

While describing work experience you should be very careful. Never give a negative answer like «No work experience». Try to recall everything you have ever done. Maybe you like babysitting with your nephews and nieces or occasionally help your grandparents to do the gardening or painting. Why not include these things?

Do not forget about your interests and hobbies. However, be careful. If you apply for a position demanding abilities to work with people do not put «Reading, Theatre, Walking alone» at the very first place. Guess why.

Your skills are your great advantages. Think of everything you can do. They are your strengths. Participation in social organizations, clubs is an additional point as well. You may also notice that it is not common to write full sentences, make any contractions, put punctuation marks, including quotation marks, into the general CV.

As you get older, you can realize that it is difficult to put all information about yourself onto one A4 paper. In this case applying for a career job you might use a different model — the so-called skills CV. An example of the skills CV is presented in Appendix 2. You can try and write the skills CV for your elder brother or sister. You should include as much relevant information as possible. Nota bene: the identification of the career objective can reveal the applicant's maturity and his or her willingness to work for the company.

When your CV is ready, you should not put it into an envelope and post it. On its own, the CV wouldn't mean anything at all to anybody. The next stage is writing a short covering letter to send with your CV. It can help your potential employer to understand what you want. Again you can practice your Business English. An example of the covering letter is presented in Appendix 3.

In the top right corner you write your address but not your name. On the left you state the personal information of your addressee starting with the position of the person you are writing to. Then you write the company's name and address. The font here is very important. The first letter of the date should be placed under the first letter of your address. Moreover, you write the date on the same line where there is the last word of the address of your future employer (e.g. the name of the country).

You will start your letter with the salutation «Dear Sir or Madam», if you do not know the name of the person you are writing to. If you know his or her name, you will put it in the very first line of the address and start your letter with, for example, «Dear Mr Smith».

Usually a business letter consists of three parts: introduction, main body, conclusion. In the introduction, you explain why you are writing this letter. In the main body or part you give the most significant information about your personality. You ought to convince the future employer that you are the best candidate for the advertised position. Do it in a few words, you should not be too wordy. In the conclusion, you can supply some additional information, for example, when you can be contacted by telephone.

Do not forget to mention that your CV is enclosed. It is the main reason why you are writing to them. Before you sign the letter, write the final remarks: «Yours faithfully» if you have started your letter with «Dear Sir or Madam»; or «Yours sincerely» if you have started with «Dear Mr Smith or Dear Ms Swan». The small letters «Enc.» at the bottom of the letter can remind the reader that there is something enclosed in it (in this case, it is your CV).

If your future employer have been impressed by your CV and you have been granted an interview, do not be nervous. It is not so difficult.First, try to answer some of these questions:

Why are you interested in this particular job or career field? Which is more important to you, the job or the money? Why should you be given the job? Are you so smart? What two or three things have you done in your life that you are really proud of? Why? What do you consider to be your greatest strengths and biggest weaknesses? Can you work under pressure? What do you know about the company you applied to?

Then think of some questions your future employer may ask. Here are some examples: What is the ideal working environment according to your viewpoint? Are you interested in future study/training? What subjects do you like best or least? Why? etc.

Remember that good answering technique is a half the victory. Do not answer yes/no only. You may not have another chance to say more. Never reply «I don't know». It is much better to point out «I'm not sure but I think...».

Undoubtedly, the first impression is dramatically crucial. Pay attention to your clothes, non-verbal communication (face expression, posture, gestures and other body language signs). You must be punctual, positive and assertive. Do not hesitate to ask yourself such questions as «Do I really want to work here? Will I be able to work with these people?» You have a choice too.

Applying for a job and writing CV is one example of where and how Business English can be used. It is a tiny part of the huge iceberg. Probably you have surmised now that Business English consists of two parts: Business Communication and Business Correspondence.

And it is Business English, i.e. your English skills in everyday business situations, that can help you to become a successful person.

 

Example 1

Here is another example of a CV.

Julija Ivanova

Baskov pereulok 7-3

St. Petersburg

191045 Russia

CAREER OBJECTIVE:

To use my skills with languages to work in the translating and interpreting field.

EDUCATION:

B.A. in Modern Languages — 1998 — English, French and German. Courses included translating business texts and fiction and simultaneous interpretation.

1998 — 6 months at the Goethe Institut, Freiburg.

1997 — 6 months at the College Universitaire Francais, Toulouse.

1996 — 6 months at the University of London, London.

EXPERIENCE:

Extensive experience in translating and interpreting around the world. Official Interpreter for the Agency EduFrance when they visited Russia in 2002.

Translated Cathrine Sommer novel Avenue Bernard Hirsch from French into Russian.

Part of the University delegation to the UNESCO in 1999. Was employed to translate in three official languages — English, French and German.

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY:

Summer 2000 — Child care and house management for a British family, St. Petersburg.

Summer 1998 — Nanny to a French family with two young children in Paris.

1995-1996 — Part-time secretary in a German firm, BKC, St. Petersburg.


Example 2

  CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME: Anna Pankratova (Ms)
ADDRESS: Zhenji Yegorovoj Ulitsa 56-78
  St.Petersburg 194355
  Russia
TEL: +7812-5158730
DATE OF BIRTH: 3 March 1981
MARITAL STATUS: Single
  (If you wanted, you could also put in your nationality)
EDUCATIONAL  
QUALIFICATIONS: 1997-2001 St. Petersburg State University,
  Economics Department, B.Ec.
  1987-1997 St. Petersburg Secondary
  School No 356
  1992-1997 Music School — Piano
WORK  
EXPERIENCE: 1998-2001 St. Petersburg Times —
  Part-time Journalist
  1996-1998 Shop Assistant, Farm Labourer,
  House Painter (summer jobs)
INTERESTS: Swimming, Tennis, Theatre
SKILLS: Computer literate — Excel, Word 2000
  Current driver's licence
  Languages — native — Russian
  fluent — English
  basic knowledge — German
ORGANISATIONS: Environmental Protection Club

 


Cover Letter

Example 1

Nevsky prospect 24 - 68

St. Petersburg

191040 Russia

Tel: 2396370

 

Personnel Officer

Gaudeamus

P.O. Box 45

St. Petersburg 191025

Russia

 

21 March 2002

 

Dear Sir or Madam

I would like to apply for the secretarial position advertised in today's Pulse.

I am a qualified secretary, currently working for a small local firm. While I am happy in my job, I am looking for a more challenging position to develop and extend my skills. I think that your firm could offer me the extra challenge that I am looking for. I am also completely fluent in Russian, English and Polish.

Enclosed is a copy of my Curriculum Vitae.

I am available for an interview any time in the evenings.

Yours faithfully.

 


Example 2

100 Blue Island Avenue

Chicago Illinois 60607

Date

 

Ms. Jane Jones, Personnel Manager

Barkley Photos, Inc.

120 East Wacker Drive

Chicago, Illinois 60601

 

Dear Ms. Jones

As a recent graduate, I understandably have not as yet had much opportunity to gain solid work experience other that part time and summer employment listed on the resume, herewith enclosed. Incidentally, these after-school jobs not only furthered my interest and practical experience in photography, but helped materially in financing my college tuition.

Right through college, photography has been my professional goal ( as some of the courses listed will show), with the hope some day to be affiliated with a progressive photo research laboratory such as yours. That day has now come.

I believe that my educational and technical background as well as my experience (limited though it may be) can be utilized by your firm to advantage, and I look forward to an interview when I may have the opportunity to discuss with you employment possibilities. I have a portfolio of samples and the best of references.

I will take the liberty of phoning you early next week for an appointment.

Yours sincerely,

John Doe



Date: 2015-12-18; view: 873


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