| Sub-skills
| Functions
| Functional Phrases
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| Opening a presentation
| Greeting and introducing yourself
| Good morning. My name’s …/I am …
Let me introduce myself.
Good afternoon. Let me start by saying a few words about …
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| Presenting the title/subject
| The subject of my presentation is …
The focus of my paper (academic) is …
I’d like to talk today about…
I’m going to present the recent …
I’m going to inform you about …
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| Specifying the purpose/
objective
| We are here today to decide/ agree/learn about …
The purpose of the presentation is to …
The talk /presentation is designed to …
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| Outlining the presentation
| My presentation will be in … parts.
I’ve divided my presentation into … sections. They are …
First/ Firstly/ First of all, I’d like to give you (an overview of) ...
Second/Secondly/Next/Then, I’ll focus
on …
Lastly/Finally, we’ll consider …
I’ll be developing … main points.
The first point will be…. Second, … Lastly, …
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| Referring to questions
| Feel free to interrupt me during the talk if you have any questions.
I’ll be happy to answer your questions at the end.
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| Sequencing and linking ideas/parts
| Introducing each part/section
| Firstly … , secondly … , thirdly … .
Let’s start with …
Let’s move on to …
This leads me to …
That brings us to …
Let’s leave that …
That covers …
Let’s go back to …
Let me turn now to …
Finally/Lastly let’s deal with …
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| Giving reasons/causes
| Therefore, …
So, …
As a result, …
Consequently, ...
That’s why …
This is because of …
This is largely due to …
It could lead to…
It may result in …
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| Contrasting
| But …
On the other hand, …
Although …
In spite of this, …
However, …
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| Comparing
| Both (technologies) …
Similarly, …
In the same way, …
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| Contradicting
| In fact, …
Actually, …
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| Highlighting
| … in particular.
… especially …
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| Digressing
| Before going on, I’d just like to say …
By the way, …
… in passing …
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| Giving examples
| For example, …
For instance, …
A good example of this is …
To illustrate this point, …
Take … for instance.
In particular, …
… such as …
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| Generalising
| As a rule, …
… usually …
… generally …
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| Involving the audience
| Asking rhetorical questions
| What‘s the explanation for this?
How can we explain this?
How can we do about it?
How will this affect …?
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| Referring to common knowledge
| As you know …
As I’m sure you’re aware …
We have all experienced …
You may remember …
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| Checking understanding
| Is that clear?
Are there any questions?
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| Describing and analysing performance
| Describing performance
| The … performed well/poorly.
The … has/have shown considerable/slight growth/improvement/decrease …
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| Analysing performance
| The main explanation for this is …
A particular/one/another reason is …
A key problem is …
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| Describing facts, figures and trends
| There is/has been a slight/dramatic/steady /considerable/significant/moderate increase/
rise/decrease/fall/drop/collapse in …
… remain(s)/has remained constant/stable.
… has/have decreased/increased/fallen/risen sharply/dramatically/considerably/slightly.
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| Using
visual aids
| Referring to visual information
| This transparency/diagram shows …
If you look at this graph you can see …
Now, let’s look at the position of …
For … the situation is very different.
Let’s move on now and look at …
The next slide shows …
If we now turn to the …
This chart compares … and …
The (upper) part of the slide gives information about …
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| Focusing the audience’s attention
| You can see here the …
As you can see …
I’d like to draw your attention to …
Notice/Observe the …
It is important/interesting to notice that…
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| Ending a presentation
| Signalling the end
| That brings me to the end of my presentation.
That completes my presentation.
Before I stop/finish, let me just say …
That covers all I wanted to say today.
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| Summarising
| To sum up…
In brief/ briefly …
In short …
I’d like to sum up now …
I’ll briefly summarise the main issues.
Let me summarise briefly what I’ve said.
If I can just sum up the main points.
At this stage I’d like to run over the key points again.
Let’s recap, shall we?
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Concluding
| In conclusion, …
To conclude, …
As you can see, there are some very good reasons …
I’d like to leave you with the following thought/idea.
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| Recommending
| Our suggestion/proposal would be to …
We recommend/I’d like to suggest/propose setting up….
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| Closing
| Thank you for listening.
Thank you for your attention.
I hope you have gained an insight into …
I would welcome any comments/suggestions.
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| Handling questions
| Inviting questions
| I’d be happy to answer any questions.
If you have any questions, I’d be pleased to answer them.
Any questions?
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| Clarifying questions
| So, what you are asking is …
If I understand the question correctly, you would like to know …
When you say … do you mean…?
Sorry, could you repeat that?
I’m not sure what you’re getting at.
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| Avoiding giving an answer
| Perhaps we could deal with that later.
Can we talk about that another time?
I’m afraid that’s not my field. I don’t have the figures with me.
I’m sure Mr X could answer that question.
That’s interesting, but I’d prefer not to answer that today.
I’m afraid I’m not the right person to answer that.
Could we leave that till later?
I’m not sure this is the right place/time to discuss this particular question.
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| Checking the questioner is satisfied
| May we go on?
Does that answer your question?
Is that clear?
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