ORIGIN OF THE HISTORY OF KOREA

HISTORY OF KOREA UP TO THE 1900

• Paleolithic era.

• Neolithic.

• Bronze Period (Kochosun).

• Time of Iron (Chosun Wiman).

• The kingdoms of the north (Puyo) and the kingdoms of the south (Three Kingdoms Han).

žDEVELOPMENT OF THE THREE KINGDOMS AND UNIFICATION:

• Foundation and development of the Three Kingdoms.

• Unification of the Three Kingdoms by Silla.

ž Unified Silla and PARHAE:

• The development and decline of Unified Silla.

• The foundation of Parhae and its dominance in Manchuria.

... KORYO:

• National reunification and defend its independence.

žEARLY Choson:

• Political development and society.

žLATE Choson:

• Social Change in Late Choson.

• New trends in cultural activity.

žDEVELOPMENT AND HARDSHIP OF MODERN KOREA:

• The modern movement for reform.

• Economic aggression of world powers and to protect the autonomy movement.

... Paleolithic Period (600,000) 30.000 to 20.000 BCE

• Places: Almost the entire Korean territory

• Stone and bone implements, such as the mammoth fossil.

ž Neolithic Period: from 8.000 BCE to 2.000 BCE

• Places: Almost all of Korean territory.

• Use of polished stone implements and pottery making clay.

• Origin in the same trunk of the residents who came from Siberia.

• Pottery geometric designs, gray clay, with sharp pointed base

V-shaped Designs of parallel lines. Then step geometric designs and lightning.

• This pottery has been found in sea areas of Siberia in the basins of the rivers Amur and Sungari various regions of Manchuria and Mongolia.

... Neolithic man was involved in the formation of the Korean man.

ž Location: lived along the coast or on riverbanks. Itwas not until the Neolithic period than those

transported to inland regions.

Feeding habits: mainly fishing and hunting.Agriculture is practiced but in later times.

ž Type of home: They live in holes dug in the earth ina circular and square manner.

ž Religion: Animalistic (every object in the universehas its own spirit. They believed that mountains,

rivers and trees were objects have souls like men.)

žMost important deity: the sun. The benign godsrepresented by the sun.

....Duration: IX or VIII century until the fourth century BCE

ž Development Area: from the river basins and Liao Sungarito the south of the Korean peninsula. Mirrors were fabricated bronze swords.

ž Pottery: No pictures. Also black pottery (China).

ž Lifestyle: they lived in areas of decline, as their powerdepended on agriculture (rice with Chinese method).

Continued to live in holes.

ž Tombs: dolmens and stone tombs. Two styles: a) the northtable style b) style south of the river paduk Jan.

ž Class stratification: The use and possession of bronze toolswere symbols of power and authority, under which political leaders emerge walled city-states. These States marked the beginning of the state structure of Korea.

...Duration: From S. IV BCE

ž Transmission of the use of iron: China and Xiong Nu(Scythian-Siberian). Expanded by sea to Japan (Yayoi culture).

ž Effects: a) changes in agriculture, b) production ofnew wealth (started inequalities); c) weapons: the

sword and the spear of bronze (style all native).

ž The 5 large confederations:

• BUYO: the Sungari River basin;

• YEMEK (or Mek Ye) in the central area of the Yalu River;

• Chosun KO: in the basins of the Liao and De dong;

• IMDUN: in the plain Hamhung on the east coast;

• CHINBOUN: in Hwanghae province;

• CHIN State: south of the river Jan.

...Location: now the province of Liaoning. Developedduring the bronze culture.

ž Creation Myth (2.333 BC): Tangun, Hwanung bornson (son of heaven) and a woman incarnate of a bear.

ž Chosun Wiman (iron culture):

• Wiman (Chinese) moves in the second century BCE (between 194 to 180) to Kochosun, overthrew their king, stands as such and expands its domain to the south.

• In the year 128 BCE the Emperor of China (D. Han), fearful of a union between Wiman and Xiong Nu, sent attack Wiman. In 108 BCE Wiman manages to destroy and I Chosun 4 commandants.

....THE KINGDOMS OF THE NORTH: In the fall of Kochoson underlie Puyo and Koguryo kingdoms

ØPUYO: developed on the river Sungari of Manchuria.

ØKoguryo, was developed near the middle of the Yalu river.

ØIn 244 CE. the kingdom of Wei invaded Kogurio and Buyo support. In 316 CE nomadic tribes attacked Buyo. Finally, in 370 Buyo came under Kogurio protection. By 494 every vestige of this kingdom has disapeared.

Ø THE KINGDOMS OF THE SOUTH: In the fall ofKochosun, on the south of the Han River were the

three kingdoms were founded : Mahan, Chinh, Pyonhan. This region was known as the Samhan.

... Founded in 370 BCE Koguryo grew stronger in the context of the war with the Chinese people.

ž From the first century CE expansion of the three kingdoms started (followed by Paekche and Silla) to the southwest in Liao River Basin.

ž In 313 CE. King Mi Choun ousted the last Chinesse command to Lo Lang.

ž In 372, adopted Buddhism and established the Te Jak (NationalConfucian Academy). In 373 promulgated a code of administrative law, completing its centralized aristocratic statestructure.

ž From 391 to 413 is able to expand the territory to the south, crushing the Japanese We the invading Silla in the Nakdong River basin, forming an alliance with Silla.

ž The most flourishing period was between 413 and 491. It maintained relations with the two Chinese dynasties, the north and south. In 427, moved the capital to Pyong Pyang, which represented a threat to Bekche and Silla. In 475 Koguryo invaded Bekche succesfuly

... It arises in the South, the heirs of the kingdom of Mahan and Chihan. In the year 246 BCE King Koi unifies most of theHan River basin

ž In the IV Century reaches its peak. In 371, Paekche invaded Koguryo domains up to Pyong Pyang and consolidated its international position by building relationships with China and Japan.

ž In 475 Paekche was defeated by Koguryo, thus encouragedtrade with China. During this period Paekche allied with Silla.

ž In 538 moves the capital to Sabi, tried to strengthen its relations with China.

ž In 554, after 120 years of alliance with Silla, suffered a heavy defeat at their hands. King Soung deemed Silla as his mortal enemy and allies with his former enemy, to launch attacks against Koguryo.

... From 1st Century CE, Silla grew unifing territories around it. At the end of IV century CE a kingdom was established, creating partnerships with Koguryo to repel the Japanese.

ž In 433 Silla establishes a covenant with Paekche to counter pressure from Koguryo, establishing marital ties with the king of Paekche.

ž In 520, completed the structuring of a centralized aristocratic

state, enacting a code of administrative law.

ž Between 527 and 535, Buddhism is officially accepted: the

ideological basis for the unification of the kingdom.

ž In 551, advanced, together with the king of Paekche, to the Han

River basin that was dominated by Koguryo.

ž In 554, Silla expelled Paekche Koguryo and monopolized the

entire basin 554. Therefore, the alliance that lasted for 120

Date: 2015-12-18; view: 1169