SEMINAR PROGRAMME

Theme 1. Forming the Agreement (4 hrs)

1. Deeds and other formalities

2. General lack of formal requirement

3. The external signs of agreement

4. Offer

5. Self-service displays

6. Shop window displays

7. Advertisements

8. Unilateral and bilateral contracts

9. Acceptance. Methods of acceptance

10. Acceptance by conduct

11. Acceptance by silence

12. Acceptance in bilateral contracts

13. Inertia selling

14. Acceptance by post

15. Acceptance in Internet transactions

16. Acceptance in unilateral contracts. Unilateral contracts and ‘agreement’

17. Position in ‘reward’ contracts

18. Acceptance in ignorance of an offer

Sources:

1) Adams J. and Brownsword R. Contract, Consideration and the critical path. – London, 1990.

2) Jill Poole. Textbook on Contract Law. – 7^th edition. – Bristol, 2005.

3) Richard Stone. The modern Law of Contract. – 6^th edition. – London, 2005.

4) Frances Quinn and Catherine Elliott. Contract Law. – Oxford, 2005.

Keywords: deed, agreement, offer, acceptance, invitation to treat, promisor objectivity, promisee objectivity, bilateral contract, unilateral contract, inertia selling.

Questions:

1) What are the contracts where a deed is required?

2) What are the methods of acceptance in Ukraine?

3) Which difficulties arise in connection with acceptance in unilateral contracts?

Documents to be analised:

1) Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989

2) Directive on Electronic Commerce 2002

3) Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959

4) Unsolicited Goods and Services Act 1971

5) Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000

6) Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002

7) Case Brogden v Metropolitan Railway (1877)

8) Case Felthouse v Bindley (1862)

9) Case Adams v Lindsell (1818)

Topics for essays:

1) The essential elements of a valid contract

2) Distinction of an Offer from “Invitation to Treat”

3) The rules of consideration

4) Offer and acceptance in Internet Transactions

Theme 2. Intention to Create Legal Relations (2 hrs)

1. Domestic agreements

2. Commercial agreements

3. Collective agreements

4. Is a requirement of intention necessary?

Sources:

1) Eisenberg MA. Relational contracts. – Oxford, 1998.

2) McNeil IR. Relational contract theory: challenges and queries. – Northwestern, 2000.

3) Treitel GH. The Law of Contract. – 11^th. – London, 2003.

Keywords: intention to create legal relations, legally binding relations, domestic agreements, commercial agreements, collective agreements, “ex gratia”, presumption of legal binding agreement, “honour clause”.

Questions:

1) What’s the difference between domestic and commercial contracts made between relatives (friends)?

2) What is an “objective” approach for the test of the parties’ intentions to create a legally binding relationship?

3) What is a difference between preliminary contract and contract with “honour clause”.

Documents to be analised:

1) Principles of European Contract Law 1995

2) Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992

3) Case Balfour v Balfour (1919)

4) Case Merritt v Merritt (1970)

5) Case Parker v Clark (1960)

6) Case Robinson v HM Customs & Excise (2000)

Topics for essays:

1) Intention to create legal relations in Ukrainian Civil Legislation.

2) The ways of rebutting the presumption of legal binding in commercial agreements.

3) Separation of agreement from consideration.

Theme 3. Capacity (2 hrs)

1) Reasons for limitations on capacity

2) Minors’ contracts

3) Contracts for necessaries

4) Beneficial contracts of service

5) Contracts related to work

6) Effects of entering into a contract with a minor

7) Void contracts

8) Voidable contracts

9) Enforceable contracts

10) Minors’ liability in tort

11) Mental disability

12) Intoxication

Sources:

1) Richard Stone. The modern Law of Contract. – 6^th edition. – London, 2005.

2) Collins H. The Law of contract. – 4^th edition. – London, 2003.

Keywords: capacity, lack of capacity, minors, mental disability, intoxication, void contract, voidable contract, contracts for ‘necessaries’, beneficial contracts of service, disadvantage, reasonable price.

Questions:

1) What should do adult party who is unaware that the other contracting party is a minor?

2) What is the difference between the goods or services of a kind which can be put in the category of ‘necessaries’ and ‘mere luxury’?

3) What are the degrees of mental disability?

Documents to be analised:

1) Employers’ Liability Act 1880

2) Law of property Act 1925

3) Minors’ Contracts Act (MCA) 1987

4) Mental Capacity Act 2005

5) Sale of Goods Act (SGA) 1979

6) Case Chappie v Cooper (1844)

7) Case Chaplin v Leslie Frewin (1966)

8) Case Edwards v Carter (1893)

9) Case Mercantile Union Guarantee v Ball (1937)

Topics for essays:

1) The consequences of contracting with legally incapable (incapacitated) person.

2) Types of incapacity under Civil Code of Ukraine

3) The consequences of void and voidable contracts in Contract Law of GB and Ukraine.

Theme 4. The Contents of the Contract (4 hrs)

1) Distinction between representations and terms

2) Remedies for pre-contractual statements

3) Pre-contractual statements under the Principles of European Contract Law

4) The actions for Misrepresentation

5) The actions for breach of a Collateral contract

6) The actions for the tort of Negligent misstatement

7) Conclusion on pre-contractual statements

8) Express terms

9) Incorporation

10) Construction

11) Implied terms

12) Terms implied by the courts

13) Terms implied by custom

14) Terms implied in fact

15) Terms implied by law

16) Terms from the House of Lords’ decision in “Liverpool City Council v Irwin”.

17) Terms implied by statute

18) Implied terms under the Sale of Goods Act

Sources:

1) Richard Stone. The modern Law of Contract. – 6^th edition. – London, 2005.

2) Collins H. The Law of contract. – 4^th edition. – London, 2003.

Keywords: contents, representations, terms, conditions, warranties, pre-contractual statements, misrepresentation, collateral contract, negligent misstatement, express terms, implied terms.

Questions:

1) Is it any difference between terms in unilateral and bilateral contracts?

2) What is the meaning of essential (material) conditions (terms)?

3) What are the methods of interpretation of express terms of interpretation of express terms?

Documents to be analised:

1) Equal Pay Act 1970

2) Misrepresentation Act 1967

3) Principles of European Contract Law 1998

4) Sale of Goods Act (SGA) 1893

5) Sale and Supply of Goods to Consumers Regulations 2002

6) Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977

7) Case Caparo v Dickman (1990)

8) Case City of Westminster Properties v Mudd (1934)

9) Case Dick Bentley Productions Ltd v Harold Smith (Motors) Ltd (1965)

10) Case Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Mardon (1976)

11) Case Interfoto Picture Library v Stiletto Visual Programmes (1987)

12) Case Liverpool City Council v Irwin (1977)

13) Case The Moorcock (1889)

14) Case Oscar Chess Ltd v Williams (1957)

15) Case Parker v South Eastern Railway Co (1877)

16) Case Routledge v McKay (1954)

17) Case Scally v Southern Health and Social Services Board (1991)

18) Case Shell v Lostock Garage (1976)

19) Case Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking (1971)

Topics for essays:

1) The Moorcock test & the “officious bystander” test.

2) Conditions, warranties and innominate terms.

3) Terms’ classification in Civil Law of Ukraine.

Theme 5. Remedies (2 hrs)

1) Damages: purpose and measure

2) Expectation interest

3) Reliance interest

4) Restitution

5) Consequential losses. Supervening events

6) Non-pecuniary losses

7) Limitations on recovery. The rule of remoteness

8) Degree of risk

9) Mitigation

10) Contributory negligence

11) Liquidated damages and penalty clauses

12) Adequacy of damages

Sources:

1) Beale H. Remedies for breach of Contract. – London, 2001.

2) Bridge MG. Expectation damages and uncertain future losses. – Oxford, 1995.

3) Harris D., Campbell D., Halson R. Remedies in contract and Tort. – 2^nd edition – London, 2002.

Keywords: remedies, restitution, tort, breach of contract, damages, contractual obligation, compensation, “maximising gain”, expectation interest, the difference in value, the cost of reinstatement.

Questions:

1) What does it mean “restitutio in integrum”?

2) Which remedies are available for breach of contract?

3) How can the claimant mitigate the damages?

Documents to be analised:

1) Civil Procedure Act 1997

2) Civil Procedure Rules 1998

3) Courts and Legal Services Act 1990

4) Damages Act 1996

5) Defective Premises Act 1972

6) Law Reform (Contributory Negligence) Act 1945

7) Limitation Act 1980

8) Misrepresentation Act 1967

9) Sale of Goods Act 1979

10) Torts (Interference with Goods) Act 1977

11) Unfair Contract Term Act 1977

12) Case Attorney General v Blake (2000)

13) Case Bliss v South East Thames Regional Health Authority (1987)

14) Case Watts v Morrow (1991)

Topics for essays:

1) Distinctive features of remedies available in English and national legislation.

2) Limitation of actions in contracts

3) Damages in national legislation.

REVIEW SEMINAR QUESTIONS

1. Deeds and other formalities

2. General lack of formal requirement

3. The external signs of agreement

4. Offer

5. Distinction of an Offer from “Invitation to Treat”

6. Self-service displays

7. Shop window displays

8. Advertisements

9. Unilateral and bilateral contracts

10. Acceptance. Methods of acceptance

11. Acceptance by conduct

12. Acceptance by silence

13. Acceptance in bilateral contracts

14. Inertia selling

15. Acceptance by post

16. Acceptance in Internet transactions

17. Acceptance in unilateral contracts. Unilateral contracts and ‘agreement’

18. Position in ‘reward’ contracts

19. Acceptance in ignorance of an offer

20. Domestic agreements

21. Commercial agreements

22. Collective agreements

23. Is a requirement of intention necessary?

24. Reasons for limitations on capacity

25. Minors’ contracts

26. Contracts for necessaries

27. Beneficial contracts of service

28. Contracts related to work

29. Effects of entering into a contract with a minor

30. Void contracts

31. Voidable contracts

32. Enforceable contracts

33. Minors’ liability in tort

34. Mental disability

35. Intoxication

36. Distinction between representations and terms

37. Remedies for pre-contractual statements

38. Pre-contractual statements under the Principles of European Contract Law

39. The actions for Misrepresentation

40. The actions for breach of a Collateral contract

41. The actions for the tort of Negligent misstatement

42. Conclusion on pre-contractual statements

43. Express terms

44. Incorporation

45. Construction

46. Methods of interpretation of express terms

47. Conditions, warranties and innominate terms

48. Implied terms

49. Terms implied by the courts

50. Terms implied by custom

51. Terms implied in fact

52. Terms implied by law

53. Terms from the House of Lords’ decision in “Liverpool City Council v Irwin”.

54. Terms implied by statute

55. Implied terms under the Sale of Goods Act

56. Damages: purpose and measure

57. Expectation interest

58. Reliance interest

59. Restitution

60. Consequential losses. Supervening events

61. Non-pecuniary losses

62. Limitations on recovery. The rule of remoteness

63. Degree of risk

64. Mitigation

65. Contributory negligence

66. Liquidated damages and penalty clauses

67. Adequacy of damages

Date: 2015-01-02; view: 822