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Methods of production and types of reinforced concrete productsMethods of production. The production of reinforced concrete elements consists of the following basic processes: preparation of concrete mixture; production of reinforcing elements; products casting; hardening of concrete; demolding of products; their facing; completing of construction details for the increase of their factory readiness. Technological processes are carried out on production lines in moulds, which move, or are immobile. In the first case, the moulds for manufacturing the products move from one specialized post (for example, placing and compacting of concrete mixture, tendon jacking, etc.) to another one. In the second case, the moulds are immobile during all production process but the required technological equipment moves. Making of products in movable moulds is carried out using aggregate and conveyer technological lines. Cycle method of production (Fig. 14.6) is foreseen for forming of products on hardware devices which include forming machine (for example, vibroground); concrete packer and machine for the establishment of moulds on casting post (mould packer). Moulded elements with moulds are transferred to the hardening chambers, and then taken out and sent to a warehouse, and disengaged moulds prepared for the next cycle. This method has a wide application because it is marked by flexibility and possibility of rapid readjustment in transition from one elements’ production to another, and also requires comparatively small capital investments. In most cases, aggregate method is the terms used to describe the serial production in the factories of middle and small productivity.
The continuous (conveyer) method of production differs from the cycle method by division of technological process on separate operations and certain rhythm, otherwise speaking, by identical duration of operations. The conveyers are divided into foot-pace and continuous action. The continuous action allows creating powerful mechanized current process, and it is especially effective for the serial production of the same type products: wall panels, roof slabs, columns and others like that.
Concrete casting bed method (Fig. 14.7) products produce in immobile moulds or on the specially equipped stands. Stand technology is expedient especially at producing of large size and prestress products, it is applied also in the conditions of precasting yard, when thermal treatment is carried out in floor chambers or in thermomoulds. For casting bed production complete mechanization and automation of technological processes, enhanceable labour intensiveness is complicated. Duration of technological cycle is usually for 1-2 days. Cassette method of production is a kind of casting bed process, the feature of which is forming of products upended in stationary sectional group moulds-cassettes. Relatively high exactness of their sizes and good quality of surface is reached by forming of the products in cassettes. At the same time the products are characterized by inhomogeneity of strength by height. Cassette method provides the high productivity of labour, needs less working area and amounts of steam and electric power.
Date: 2015-12-18; view: 1294
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