EtymemeA bound base that has etymological relevance ( e. g., - ceive in receive).

EtymologyThe history of words; the study of the history of words.

Etymological doublets Two words of the same language which were derived from the same basic word by different routes.

Etymological triplets Three words of the same language which were derived from the same basic word by different routes.

Euphemism A word or phrase that replaces a taboo word or is used to avoid reference to certain acts or subjects.

Exocentric compoundA compound whose meaning does not follow from the meaning of its parts (e.g., redneck).

ExtensionThe referential part of the meaning of an expression; the referent of a noun phrase. Folk etymology (False etymology)merely associates together words which resemble each other in sound and show a real or fancied similarity of meaning, but which are not at all related in their origin” (Greenough & Kittredge, 1967, p.145).

Free morphemeMorpheme that can stand alone as a word; a morpheme capable of occurring on its own, such as a word.

Functional categoryOne of the categories of function words, including determiner, auxiliary, complementizer, and preposition. Cf. lexical category and phrasal category.

Functional affixes Affixes that serve to convey grammatical meaning.

Function wordA word mainly serving a grammatical function in a sentence; a word that does not have clear lexical meaning but has a grammatical function; function words include conjunctions, prepositions, articles, auxiliaries, complementizers, and pronouns. Cf. closed class.

GappingThe syntactic process of deletion in which subsequent occurrences of a verb are omitted in similar contexts.

General lexicologyA branchof general linguistics that studies vocabulary irrespective of the specific features of any particular language and the meaning of words and word-combinations in isolation and in context.

Grammatical categoriesTraditionally called “parts of speech”; also called syntactic categories; expressions of the same grammatical category can generally substitute for one another without loss of grammaticality, e. g., noun phrase, verb phrase.

Grammatical meaning The component of meaning recurrent in identical sets of individual forms of different words.

Grammatical valency The aptness of a word to appear in specific grammatical (or rather syntactic) structures (Ginsburg et al.).

Head (of a compound)The rightmost word. It generally indicates the category and general meaning of the compound.

Head (of a phrase)The central word of a phrase whose lexical category defines the type of phrase, e. g., the noun man is the head of the noun phrase the man who came to dinner; the verb wrote is the head of the verb phrase wrote a letter to his mother; the adjective red is the head of the adjective phrase very bright red; word whose syntactic category determines the category of the phrase

HeadwordThe form of the word which appears at the beginning of its dictionary entry. It is normally uninflected and often gives syllabic information.

Heteronyms Different words spelled the same (i. e., homographs) but pronounced differently.

Historical and comparative linguisticsThe branch of linguistics that deals with how languages change, what kinds of changes occur, and why they occur.

HomographsWords spelled identically, and pronounced the same or differently; words that have the same spelling, different meanings, and different pronunciations.

HomonymsTwo or more words that are pronounced and/ or written the same way; words with the same sound and spelling but different, unrelated meanings

HomophonesWords that do not share the same spellings or meanings but sound the same

HyponymsWords whose meanings are specific instances of a more general word; word whose meaning is included, or entailed, in the meaning of a more general word (tulip/ flower)

HypothesisA theoretical statement that proposes how several constructs relate to one another

IdeogramA symbol that represents an idea

IdiolectAn individual’s way of speaking, reflecting that person’s grammar; the unique form of a language represented in an individual user’s mind and attested in their discourse.

Idiom/ idiomatic phraseAn expression whose meaning does not conform to the principle of compositionality, that is, may be unrelated to the meaning of its parts; collocation of words or phrases with non-literal meaning; it has a transferred meaning, e.g., kick the bucket (die).

Indo-EuropeanThe language reconstructed by linguists which is assumed to be the ancestor of most European languages; the descriptive name given to the ancestor language of many modern language families, including Germanic, Slavic, and Romance. Also called Proto– Indo- European.

InfixA bound morpheme that is inserted in the middle of a word or stem; an affix placed inside a root.

Inflectional affixAn affix that adds grammatical information to an existing word.

Inflectional morphemeBound grammatical morpheme that is affixed to a word according to rules of syntax, e. g., third- person singular verbal suffix - s.

InitialismA word formed from the initial letters of a group of words.

Internal change The process which substitutes one non-morphemic part for another to mark a grammatical contrast.

InterpretingThe process of translating from and into spoken or signed language.

Intertextuality(Tool of Inquiry)

IsoglossGeographical boundary of a particular linguistic feature

JargonSpecial words peculiar to the members of a profession or group; specialized vocabulary associated with a trade or profession, sport, game, etc., e. g., airstream mechanism for phoneticians. Cf. argot.

Jargon aphasiaForm of aphasia in which phonemes are substituted, resulting in nonsense words; often produced by people who have Wernicke’s aphasia.

Languein structural linguistics, the set of organizing principles of signs, including rules of combination

LexemeA word in the sense of an item of vocabulary that can be listed in the dictionary. A lexeme is a lexical item; the smallest contrastive unit in a semantic system (Crystal).

Lexical ambiguityA word or a phrase that has more than one meaning;ambiguity as a result of homonyms

Lexical categoryA general term for the word- level syntactic categories of noun, verb, adjective, and adverb. These are the categories of content words like man, run, large, and rapidly, as opposed to functional category words such as the and and. Cf. functional category, phrasal category, open class.

Date: 2015-12-18; view: 795