Alternative Sources of Energy

1 the amount of energy being consumed in the world increases

2 oil, gas, coal, peat, water resources and nuclear energy are the conventional sources of energy

3 it is impossible to rely on the conventional fuel resources in the future because they are limited and are getting depleted

4 alternative sources of energy are solar, wind, biomass, tidal, geothermal, hydrogen

5 They are very clean and do not damage the environment

6 I think that solar energy should be a perfect energy source, because production of solar energy is growing rapidly

ENVIROMENTAL CONTROL

1) Environmental control is important becouse If we continue to pollute the environment, nature of our planet will die.

2) petroleum activities are associated with impacts on surface, earth’s depth, atmosphere

3) environmental impact assessment – stage before field development. It’s consider environmental sensitivity factors. the purpose of the assessment are reduce harmful impact, prevent accidents, keep contingency

4) types of environmental impact: physical impact, mechanical pollution, chemical pollution, noise emission, heat emission, accidents

5) physical impact is associated with damaging of scenery and pollution. Sources of pollution are heavy machinery and equipment, vehicles, digging, construction, extraction of fluids, trampling.

6) the sources of mechanical contamination are removed soil, dump sites of garbage and structural refuse and scarp, dust, bottom sediments

7) the reasons of chemical pollution are introduction into the environment of petroleum products, chemicals, sewagevolatile vapors, exhaust gases, emission gases

8) noise emission is harmful for the environment because sounds of equipment may disturb animals.

9) heat emission is associated with increase of temperature which causes thawing permafrost and damaging biological cycles of animals and plants.

10) Accidents have disastrous consequences because they are release hazardous materials such as poisonous, caustic, inflammable, corrosive, toxic, flammable, explosive

11) petroleum development is associated with blowouts, fires, explosions, pipeline breaks, spills, tanker spills

12) to minimize possible risks of accidents companies needs blowout preventers, contingency plan, notification procedures, pollution cleanup, tools to handle spills, exercises

SAFETY

1) all petroleum facilities are considered to be hazardous because they can be cause of disastrous accidents

2) the main risks associated with them both onshore and offshore are:

blowouts, fires, ignition of flammable materials, explosions, rupture of pipeline, pipeline leakages, extreme weather conditions, natural disasters( storm, hurricane, earthquake, tsunami, landslide), structural failure,

3) specific offshore risks are spill, collision, ramming, flooding, grounding, capsizing, loss of buoyancy, natural disasters(storm, waves, rough sea, ice conditions)

4) risk reducing measures consist of equipment’s specify, operational limitations, measures regarding employees, top emergency contingency

5) Measures Regarding Employees are manning, safety instructions, drills, exercises, trainings( to practice fire protection, rescue, first aid, evacuation, to master emergency equipment)

Date: 2015-12-18; view: 702