Protection of human rights at the international (global) level

The international human rights system - is an extensive system of dozens of international universal human rights bodies with different amount of competence, the main purpose of which is to protect human rights.

Universal human rights bodies have jurisdiction , which applies to a significant number of countries in the world and usually only to those States that are party to the relevant international agreement on universal human rights ( Human Rights Committee , the Committee on the Rights of the Child , etc. . ). In the limited number of international human rights supervisory powers are not necessarily related to the participation of the state in international agreement ( Human Rights Commission ).

Universal human rights bodies may be quasi- judicial and conventional .

quasi-judicial bodies are formed on the basis of international treaties to monitor compliance with these agreements by the parties and act according to the procedure that resembles the court ( Human Rights Committee ).

conventional bodies are formed on the basis of international treaties to monitor compliance with these treaties by States Parties (Committee on the Rights of the Child - under the Convention on the Rights of the Child , Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women - under the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women etc.) They have mainly political and legal nature.

A special place is given to the Commission on Human Rights - a universal body , whose powers were not related to the participation of the state in international human rights instruments . It was established by a decision of ECOSOC in 1946 , the Commission consists of representatives from 53 countries - members of ECOSOC elected for three years. Important powers of the Commission on Human Rights is to examine the statements and reports of human rights violations, the Commission has the right to submit the report to ECOSOC and to offer recommendations to address human rights violations(must be exhausted domestic remedies) .

Human Rights Committee, established in 1977 in accordance with Art . 28 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Committee consists of 18 experts who were chosen from among the nationals of states - participants of the Covenant. The Committee considers the report states - parties to the Covenant on measures to protect the rights enshrined to it (a. 40). Decisions of the Committee have recommending power

UN creates its institutional structure for the "oversight" the implementation by States of their obligations in respect of human rights.(These are Security Council, Decisions and opinions on human rights issues took the International Court of Justice, the UN Secretary General and the High Commissioner for Human Rights, whose position was created in 1994 to his responsibility to the UN human rights within the overall competence , authority and decisions UN General Assembly , ECOSOC and the Commission on Human Rights).

According to various estimates , the UN receives annually from 30 to 40 thousand complaints of human rights violations .The post of High Commissioner was established to strengthen the mechanism of the UN, " to promote and protect all human rights." The High Commissioner is appointed by the UN Secretary General and approved by the UN General Assembly for a term of four years with the possibility of one re- re-election. It has to be guided by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 and other fundamental international legal pact, has come from the fact that all human rights - civil, cultural, economic and political - are unique, interrelated and interdependent. The High Commissioner shall annually submit reports to the Commission on Human Rights of the UN , and through ECOSOC - UN General Assembly.

Date: 2015-12-18; view: 753