Revolution of 1640

Causes of revolution

The main cause-conflict between the kings ( James 1, Charles II ) and Parliament:

* 1) Economic policy-

2) Religious affairs –

3) Fiscal matters- the ship money tax (a tax to help pay for defense)

4) Failures in foreign policy, war with Scotland

In 1628 Parliament made the king Charles I sign the Petition of Rights:

- taxes should not be levied without the content of Parliament

- no one could not be imprisoned without showing cause

The next year Charles I dissolved the Parliament and ruled without its sessions for 11 years.

It was regime of absolute power of Charles I.

The beginning of the revolution

War with Scotland demanded money and Charles called the “ Short Parliament” (it worked 3 weeks), but it failed to vote funds for the war, then “ Long Parliament” (it worked 12 years).

*Reforms of the Long Parliament

3. Civil war (1642-1649)

Military leader of anti-king army was Oliver Cromwell . The army was reorganized as the New Model Army. The king’s army as defeated and the king was arrested and beheaded in May, 1649 England was proclaimed republic.

Course of the civil war

O. Cromwell

Dark –Royalists

Light – Parliamentarians

4. Cromwell Protectorate.

England needed strong power and Cromwell established regime of Protectorate. Cromwell himself became a Lord Protector. Protectorate united England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland under a single system of government. All nations sat in a single, new, elected British parliament. The constitution appointed Oliver Cromwell as head of the state for life.

Cromwell created a dictatorship in the 1650-s: banned newspapers, ruled with cruelty.

Opposition to Cromwell

l- Levelers- interested in popular sovereignty and social equality

2- Diggers-demanded collective ownership of property

5. The revolution of 1688 (Glorious)

In 1660 the monarchy was restored and Charles II became the king. He and his successor James II tried to strengthen the royal power and establish absolutism.

Parliament decided to dethrone James II and asked William of Orange and Mary, James’ daughter to come to London.- this event was called the Glorious revolution.(1688) The Declaration of Rights approved parliamentary limitations on a monarch’s freedom of action.

2. Questions for test

Social group “ gentlemen” in England in the XVII century included:

A) nobles, knights, gentry

B) king, nobles

C) peasants, knights

D) gentry

Main cause of the revolution in England in 1640 was:

A) conflict between the king and the parliament

B) conflict between workers and capitalists

C) conflict between England and France

D) execution of the king

The “ ship money tax” in England before the revolution of 1640 was:

A) tax for agriculture development

B) tax for industry development

C) tax for defense

D) tax for church

“Absolute power” of Charles I before the revolution means:

A) the king dissolved the parliament

B) the king dissolved the army

C) the king dissolved all political parties

D) the king proclaimed republic

3. Task for IWS - English revolution in the world history

4. Task for office hours - Oliver Cromwell.

6.Reference

Mandatory

Recommended

M. D. Richards, Revolutions in World History, p. 12-18

Date: 2015-01-02; view: 851