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II. Introduction. Eastern Civilization
1. Brief content of the lecture 1. Civilization
Cultural- civilizational regions of Asia and Africa: *1-
2-
3-
4-
2.Traditional society
Some features of the traditional society: ** - Limited production
- Agricultural economy
- Limited division of labour
- Limited variation of social groups
- Limited communications between human communities.
- Towns were under feudals’ power
- Religions had great impact on society
3.East and West Contacts between Eastern and Western civilizations were complicated because of many differences.
Foundation of the Eurocentric world
4. Formation of colonial empires The epoch of the Great Geographical Empires covers two centuries (XV-XVII centuries). One of the results- development of new trading ways and colonization of new countries.
During colonization many centers of ancient civilization have been destroyed, the natural course of historical development of many countries was broken, people of the colonized countries have been violently involved in capitalist relations. The first countries- metropolises or mother countries that colonized new countries in the XV c. were Spain and Portugal. In the XVI- XVII c. England, Holland and France had joined. Portugal discovered an eastern route to India, established trading routes throughout most of southern Asia and colonized these territories. The Portuguese Empire was the first global empire in history and also the earliest and longest lived western European colonial empires (1415- 1999). The Treaty of Tordessillas of 1494 divided the world outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal along a meridian west of coast of Africa. The lands to the east would belong to Portugal and to the west to Spain. The biggest territory of Portugal was Brazil, from which Portugal gathered resources such as gold, precious stones, sugar cane, coffee and crops. Spain established one of the largest empires in world history. For a time, the Spanish Empire dominated the oceans. Gold and silver from the colonized countries financed the military capability of Spain. Britain. Despite its convenient island position, England was not among leaders at the beginning of the Great Geographical Discoveries. First step to penetration to the East made merchants who established trade links with the Near East though the Mediterranean Sea. The following step was creation in 1599 the East Indian Company, one of the owner of which was the queen. Due to strong fleet and the superiority in artillery, England established its control over India. France. Active colonial policy began in 1530- expedition to coast of Canada, Brazil, Florida- they failed. During Louis XIV the Frenchmen intensified the penetration on Hindustan peninsula; they have created trading stations on western and eastern coasts of India. Percentage of colonial territories (1900)
3. Questions for test Among the cultural- civilization regions China belonged to: A. Confucionist B. Muslim C. Christian D. Hinduist
Major social group in traditional society is: A. community B. class C. tribe D. estate The first country that colonized new countries was A. Britain B. Spain C.France D.Portugal
The East Indian Company was founded in A.1689 B.1599 C.1588 D.1598
4.Tasks for office hours - British colonial empire 5.Tasks for IWS - Foundation of colonial system
6.Reference
Date: 2015-01-02; view: 834
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