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Read the text, translate it into Ukrainian. Be ready to discuss it.

A mong the invariable prerequisites of a modern democratic community are freedom of the press, guarantees of undeterred activities of journalists and publishers and free public access to printed matter, radio and television programmes. Ukraine's mass media include periodicals, television, information agencies, press centres, press services, government departments and agencies for contacts with the press.

For the period of its inderpendene Ukraine achieved numerous accomplishments in democratizing mass media by adjusting to the free market rule, introducing electronic press, and educating critically thoughtful journalists. The country adopted the constitution and several laws that guarantee freedom of speech, information, and press, and protection from censorship.

Verkhovna Rada passed several laws, which determined the governing structure of the mass media and created legal foundations for their work. The laws covered: TV and Radio Broadcasting, National Council of TV and Radio Broadcasting, Information, Advertisement, Printed Information (Press), Radio Frequencies Sources in Ukraine, State Support of Media and Social Security of Journalists, Procedure of Coverage of Activities of the State Power Bodies, and of the Bodies of Local Self-governance, and System of Public TV.

The press is generally known as the "fourth estate". In various periods of its existence and depending on the political system, the mass media has always maintained certain relationswith those public and political structures which were actually in control of most spheres in the life of society.

The major watershed for media business in this period lies between the powerful groups, which unofficially in Ukraine are called clans of oligarchs or magnates, and the political parties, some of which are often very closely associated with the big capital.

Oligarchs do not control the printed press for profit reasons but rather for promoting their political ambitions and businesses as well as their parties and clans agendas and for creating a positive image. Often uninterested in learning how to do profitable media business, oligarchs main revenues come from other businesses, frequently illegal, rather than from selling newspapers, magazines, television and radio programs, or informational services. Journalists find themselves under strict pressure. The pressure has a negative impact on the professionalism of journalists and the quality of their work.

There are many non-government TV and radio companies, channels, studious, video-centres , numerous information agencies of different orientations in Ukraine. These agencies have correspondents and reporters who help in publishing news bulletins in Ukrainian and several other languages.

Ukrainian journalists use their professional skills and experience to raise the national media's analytical, informative, aesthetic standard to the international level. Professional journalists are associated in the National Press club, a public politically non-affiliated organization.



The Press Centre of the Ministry of the Foreign Affairs of Ukraine is involved in a variety of activities aimed at facilitating the implementation of international documents in the sphere of information and data exchanges.

The Press services and centers of the President, the Verkhovna Rada, the Cabinet of Ministers and almost all political parties, public associations, societies and foundations are also constantly active.

Mass media must gain independence from financial oligarchs, industrial magnates, parties, and state control in order to create structures that will lobby media interests in government and in the Verkhovna Rada.

 

2. Comprehension questions.

1. What was the characteristic of the period of inderpendence of Ukraine?

2. What are the invariable prerequisites of a modern democratic community?

3. What do Ukraine’s mass media include?

4. What laws determine the governing structure of the mass media?

5. Why is the press known as the “fourth estate”?

6. Where does the major watershed for media business lie between?

7. What are the ambitions of the oligarchs in mass media business?

8. What do Ukrainians journalists do to raise the national media’s analytical informative, aesthetic standard to the international level.

9. How are television and radio companies run in Ukraine?

10. What is your favorite newspaper, magazine, radio and TV programme?

11. What TV and radio programmes are the most popular in Ukraine?

 

3. Explain the meanings the following words and word combinations in English and use them in situations of your own:

1. invariable prerequisites…

2. undeterred activities

3. free public access to printed matter

4. copyright

5. “the forth estate”..

6. the watershed for media business

7. main revenues

8. achieve numerous accomplishments

9. politically non-affiliated organization

10. to facilitate the implementation of documents

 


Date: 2015-12-17; view: 908


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