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The Sign of Four 4 pageArticle I, §3, Clause 6--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69 Article II, §1--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 Article II, §2------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 105, 109 Article III, §3------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 Article III. §2---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54, 55, 57, 59 Article IV-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47, 68, 99, 127 Article IV, §2------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 127 Article V, §6------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106 Bill of Rights---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1, 2, 3, 115, 130, 145, 149, 150, 199, 200 Brady Bill------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36 Child Labor Tax Law of 1919--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 Civil Rights Act of 1964--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 180 Ethics in Government Act------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 109 Gramm-Rudman Act---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89, 92 Housing and Rent Act of 1947-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 Impoundment Control Act of 1974------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 107 Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985------------------------------------------------------------------ 34 National Industrial Recovery Act----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96 Ninth Amendment----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 149 Religious Freedom Restoration Act-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43, 187 Sixth Amendment----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131 Stewart-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28, 98, 150, 152, 203 Taft-Harley Act---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 Title II of 1964 Civil Rights Act------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 Unfunded Mandate Reform Act--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108, 112 War Powers Resolution----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 104
Other Authorities Ackerman---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19, 42, 106, 145, 147 Blackmun---------------------------------------------------------- 65, 93, 111, 151, 153, 159, 160, 165, 166, 180, 187, 203, 205 Bork---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 123, 124 Brennan------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63, 67, 68, 70, 80, 131, 150, 161, 194, 203, 205, 206 Brown--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117 Burger------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50, 74, 75, 82, 89, 95, 153, 165, 180 Calabresi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24, 123 Cardozo------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 14, 26, 130, 134, 144, 199 Chase------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 132, 133, 136, 198, 199 Chermerinsky------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 Clark------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 Curtis---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 130 Day-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Douglas-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72, 144, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 191, 200 Easterbrook---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58, 66 Ely-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5, 48, 98, 102, 103, 105, 114, 121, 136, 143 Federalist 47(Madison)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 Federalist 48 (Madison)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 Flaherty-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 Frankfurter--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68, 71, 128, 129, 131 Fuller-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 Golove-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106 Grier----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103 Harlan------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8, 10, 117, 118, 135, 139, 149, 150, 151, 182 Holmes------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10, 39, 136, 139, 141, 146, 200 Hughes---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9, 12, 14, 133, 141, 142, 184 Iridell---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133 Jackson------------------------------------------------------------------------ 15, 16, 19, 28, 30, 58, 71, 72, 104, 119, 145, 191, 200 Jefferson Powell---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35 Kennedy--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65, 97, 154, 175, 176, 180, 188, 204, 209 Lessig----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 Lincoln--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 59 Locke--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136, 138 Lowi------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98 Marshall 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 16, 19, 27, 30, 39, 53, 54, 55, 57, 61, 62, 67, 74, 90, 128, 130, 131, 132, 179, 181, 182, 189, 198, 203, 205 Miller--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127, 128, 137 Murphy------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119 O’Connor------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63, 151, 154, 168, 170, 180, 194, 204 Peckham---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135, 138, 147 Powell---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32, 35, 78, 164, 165, 194, 205 Rehnquist 65, 69, 72, 73, 83, 93, 97, 98, 104, 109, 153, 158, 159, 160, 161, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 185, 188, 189, 194, 205 Roberts-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25, 142, 184 rpretat------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 58, 59, 73, 75, 103, 137 Sager----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64, 126 Scalia------------------------------------------------------------------ 64, 93, 94, 110, 111, 161, 174, 175, 176, 177, 188, 193, 204 Schoenbrod--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97 Souter------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 66, 70, 154, 168, 170, 171, 180, 188, 204 Stevens------------------------------------------------------------------- 65, 66, 79, 90, 94, 159, 166, 168, 170, 180, 188, 192, 205 Stone-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16, 25, 28, 30, 48, 142, 184 Story------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 57, 180 Strong--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 116 Sutherland-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12, 100, 138, 191, 202 Taft----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9, 71, 87 Taney-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115, 116 Thomas----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22, 36, 38, 39, 53, 185, 188 Tribe-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75, 76, 84, 106 Vinson---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72 Warren----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 122, 123, 124, 178, 203 Wechsler-Choper-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 Werhan--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53 White------------------------------------------------------- 69, 70, 79, 83, 85, 86, 91, 95, 125, 131, 150, 153, 164, 165, 194, 204
10th Amendment............................................................................................................. 7, 10, 15, 16, 31, 33 - 36, 38, 40, 108 A Abortion.......................................................................................................................... 59, 114, 151 - 163, 165, 167, 203, 204 Adams............................................................................................................................................................................................. 53 Agricultural Adjustment Act....................................................................................................................................................... 15 Appellate Jurisdiction................................................................................................................................................................... 59 Appointments Clause................................................................................................................................................................... 88 B bakery........................................................................................................................................................................................... 135 Bank of the United States.............................................................................................................................................................. 4 bicameralism and presentment.................................................................................................................................................. 83 Bituminous Coal Conservation Act........................................................................................................................................... 12 Boland Amendments................................................................................................................................................................. 105 C Case or Controversy..................................................................................................................................................................... 61 Case or Controversy Requirement............................................................................................................................................. 59 Certiorari......................................................................................................................................................................................... 70 Chadha......................................................................................................................................... 82 - 86, 91, 92, 94, 95, 99, 104 Checks and Balances................................................................................................................................................................... 52 Child Labor Case.......................................................................................................................................................................... 10 class of acts.................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Commerce Clause....................... 7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 21, 22, 27, 28, 31, 32, 46 - 49, 134, 182, 184, 185, 188 - 190 Concurrent powers........................................................................................................................................................................ 46 Congressional-Executive Agreements..................................................................................................................................... 106 contraceptives.................................................................................................................................................. 147, 148, 150, 159 Contracts Clause..................................................................................................................................... 113, 131, 133, 134, 198 Counter-majoritarian................................................................................................................................................................... 58 Countermajoritarian difficulty................................................................................................................................................... 56 critique................................................................................................... 8, 77, 83, 84, 110, 123, 124, 136, 137, 139, 143, 166 Critique.................................................................................................................. 4, 11, 35, 40, 55, 76, 95, 125, 148, 150, 158 cumulative effect.......................................................................................................................................................................... 15 D DCC.................................................................................................................................................................................. 27 - 31, 49 Departmentalism........................................................................................................................................................................... 59 desegregation order....................................................................................................................................................................... 58 Disproportionate impact............................................................................................................................................................ 121 Doctrinal Modality........................................................................................................................................................................ 30 Doctrine of Implied Powers........................................................................................................................................................... 2 Dormant Commerce Clause..................................................................................................................................... 27, 189, 190 Double Jeopardy......................................................................................................................................................................... 199 Due Process......................... 131, 135, 144, 149, 152, 156, 160, 165, 168, 170, 179, 186, 199, 200, 202, 203, 205, 206 E Economic Rights......................................................................................................................................................................... 144 enumerated powers.................................................................................................................................... 1 - 4, 8, 11, 25, 35, 39 Equal Housing............................................................................................................................................................................. 187 Equal Protection............................................................................................................. 68, 114, 116, 117, 120, 126, 164, 176 Establishment Clause................................................................................................................................................................... 64 Ethical Argument........................................................................................................................................................................ 132 Ethical Modality............................................................................................................................................................................ 30 ex post facto......................................................................................................................................................................... 46, 132 Ex post facto...................................................................................................................................................................... 132, 198 Exceptions clause....................................................................................................................................................................... 195 Exclusive federal powers............................................................................................................................................................. 46 Exclusive state powers................................................................................................................................................................. 46 Executive Authority............................................................................................................................................................. 71, 100 Executive Privilege....................................................................................................................................................... 74 - 76, 192 F Federal Election Commission..................................................................................................................................................... 88 Formalism....................................................................................................................................................................................... 52 Formalistic Argument................................................................................................................................................................... 83 Functionalism...................................................................................................................................................... 9, 35, 52, 53, 101 G GATT............................................................................................................................................................................................ 106 gay marriage................................................................................................................................................................................ 209 Gender Discrimination...................................................................................................................................................... 206, 207 gerrymandering.............................................................................................................................................................................. 69 Good confusion............................................................................................................................................................................. 61 Guarantee Clause.......................................................................................................................................................................... 41 guaranty clause............................................................................................................................................................................. 68 Guaranty Clause........................................................................................................................................................................... 68 Gun Free Schools........................................................................................................................................................................... 20 H habeus corpus................................................................................................................................................................................ 60 Historical Modality....................................................................................................................................................................... 29 homosexual................................................................................................................. 161, 164 - 167, 175, 177, 204, 208, 209 I Impeachment.......................................................................................................................................................................... 69, 80 Implicit powers............................................................................................................................................................................ 191 Impoundment............................................................................................................................................................................. 107 Incorporation Controversy....................................................................................................................................................... 128 independent counsel................................................................................................................................................... 99, 109, 110 Independent Counsel................................................................................................................................................................. 194 Interstate Commerce................................................................................................................................................ 8, 9, 183, 190 Iranian hostage.............................................................................................................................................................................. 72 J Judicial Exclusivity....................................................................................................................................................................... 58 judicial review.................................................................... 23, 53 - 56, 58, 61, 68 - 70, 74, 76, 90, 105, 112, 120, 121, 125 Judicial review................................................................................................................................................................................ 68 Judicial Review................................................................................................................................................................... 179, 180 JUDICIAL REVIEW.................................................................................................................................................................... 53 L Legislative authority.......................................................................................................................................................... 104, 186 legislative veto............................................................................................................................................................................... 99 Legislative Veto.................................................................................................................................................................... 99, 193 liberalism...................................................................................................................................................................................... 136 Liberalism............................................................................................................................................................................ 136, 138 liberty of contract.............................................................................................................................................................. 135, 139 Date: 2015-01-02; view: 608
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