THE TRUTH BEHIND A SMILE

People smile a (0) B deal, and we seem to know instinctively that some smiles are more genuine than others. But is there

any scientific (1) ………………………… for this? Recent research suggests that a mechanism In the brain can help us (2) ………………………… whether a smile Is really heartfelt - or whether it is just being (3)…………………………on for show. (4) …………………………to various long-held traditions, a genuine smile involves the eyes as well as the mouth. In the nineteenth century, a French anatomist (5)………………………… to prove this. He used electrodes to stimulate the facial muscles of volunteers, (6) ………………………… creating raise smiles. He found that real smiles were always (7) ………………………… with the contraction of a muscle around the eye, but that his artificially Induced ones were not.

During more recent research, volunteers were shown a variety of human racial (8) ………………………… and their reactions to these were monitored. When they were shown a happy face, 35% of the volunteers immediately started looking at the eye area, checking for tell-tale crinkles that would (9) ………………………… that the smile was genuine: but when shown a sad or neutral face, they did not. So why did the human brain evolve to (10) …………………………

between real and false smiles? It could be that this ability to (11) ………………………… a quick assessment of a smile has an important role to play In successful communication. A genuine smile (12) ………………………… as a gesture of conciliation in conflict, and it's important to know whether we are really being offered a truce or not.

Complete these sentences using the correct form of a word or expression from the text.

1 She arrived at the meeting very late, but her apology was sincere and h………………………….

2 Using electrodes to stimulate the facial muscles of volunteers led to the с…………………………of false smiles.

3 When we genuinely smile, the muscles around our eyes с………………………….

4 The e…………………………of the human brain enables people to differentiate between a real and a false smile.

5 Most people can a…………………………whether a smile is sincere or not quite quickly.

6 A genuine smile is seen as а с…………………………gesture during a time of conflict.

7 A smile is one of the most successful ways of с………………………… a friendly attitude.

8 An a………………………… smile can be spotted by most people easily.

Use of English:word formation

Read the texts below. Use the words given in capitals to form a word that fits in the in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

‘BIG BROTHER’ REALITY SHOW CASTING

Alain

I’m (1) ………………………… (ideal) and (2)………………………… (conscience) – I’ve got a strong sense of right and wrong. Everything has to be correct. I’m (3) ………………………… (organize) and have high standards. I’d bring a sense of order to the house, though some people say I’m difficult to live with.

Cris

I’m extremely (4) ………………………… (ambition). It doesn’t matter what others think of me and I’ll do anything to get on in life. Being in the house will give me a high profile and get me where I want to be. I’ll make sure the others don’t take advantage when I’m not looking, though.

David

I’m pretty quiet, really – and if I’m honest, (5) ………………………… (sense). I’m a bit (6) ………………………… (conscious), and what I need is something different to take me out of myself, though I don’t really mind. Being in the house would be good for me and make me more confident.

Ella

I’m curious and I want to be part of an experiment. I’m (7) ………………………… (depend) and I like to think for myself – I’ll try anything once. I’m quite taciturn though, and I’m happy with my own company. I don’t have to join in everything going on if I don’t want to, though I like to watch.

Franz

I’m (8) ………………………… (trust) and (9) ………………………… (support). I’m an excellent (10)………………………… (trouble) so I can stop arguments in the house – I love working with others and I’m totally (11)………………………… (rely). I don’t like jokes much, so I’ll keep it serious – but that doesn’t mean that I’m not (9) ………………………… (support).

Gina

I’m (10) ………………………… (play) and (11) ………………………… (spirit) though teachers say I’m (12) ………………………… (discipline). I can be (13)………………………… (patience) – I don’t suffer fools gladly – and so I annoy people sometimes. I’m extroverts. I want to enjoy myself and I’d bring fun to the house.

Harold

I’m a bit (14) ………………………… (temper), and quite (15) ………………………… (assert) – maybe too much! I say what I think and people may think I’m (16) ………………………… (opinion) but why should I let people get away with things I don’t like? I know I’m right, and people will agree when I’m in the house bringing everyone in line.

Iva

I’m pretty normal, really. I think positively and I’m (17) ………………………… (society), not (18)………………………… (confront) – I’d rather agree with people. I like everyone to get on. I hate people who trample over others. I want to be in the house because I love meeting people I can (19) ………………………… (empathy) with, and chatting to them.

Brita

I’m (20)………………………… (care), (21) ………………………… (empathy), sincere and (22) ………………………… (heart). I know I can be (23) ………………………… (sentiment) and I try to please others too much, but that means I’d be able to make the others feel at home. I’ll organize games and things like that – get everyone involved.

CONTROL YOUR ANGER

When a celebrity, a (0) politician or other person in the media spotlight loses their temper in public, they run the risk of hitting the headlines in a most (1) ………………………… (embarrass) way. For such (2) ………………………… (control) outbursts of anger are often triggered by what seem to be trivial matters and, if they are caught on camera, can make the person appear slightly (3) ………………………… (ridicule). But it's not only the rich and famous who are prone to fits of rage. According to recent surveys, ordinary people are (4) ………………………… (increase) tending to lose their cool in public.

Yet anger is a potentially (5)………………………… (destroy) emotion that uses up a lot of energy and creates a high level of emotional and physical stress - and it stops us thinking rationally. (6) ………………………… (consequent) angry people often end up saying, and doing, things they later have cause to regret.

So, how can anger be avoided? Firstly, diet and lifestyle may be to blame. (7) ………………………… (tolerant) and irritability certainly come to the surface when someone hasn't slept properly or has skipped a meal, and any (8) ………………………… (take) of caffeine can make things worse.

Taking regular exercise can help to ease and diffuse feelings of (9) ………………………… (aggressive), however, reducing the chances of an angry response. But if something or someone does make you angry, it's (10) ………………………… (advise) not to react immediately. Once you've calmed down, things won't look half as bad as you first thought.

Vocabulary: personality

1 Match the words/phrases with their definitions.

2 Complete the gaps with an appropriate word/phrase.

1 'I just think there might be sides to her that we don't know anything about. No one seems to know anything about her life outside work.'

'Yes, she's a bit of a ………………………………………….'

2 'I'm sure he's got his eye on the top job and with the amount of work he does, he'll probably get it too.'

'Yes. He's definitely a …………………………………………'

3 'He was telling me the most amazing stories about his career as a professional stuntman. I don't believe a word of it.'

'Yes, he's well known as a bit of a ………………………………………….'

4 'He wouldn't give anything at all towards my sister's leaving present. He just said he couldn't afford it. Can you believe that?'

'He's such a…………………………………………'

5 'He came out with us last night but he didn't contribute anything to the cost of the meal or even buy anyone else a drink. Then he even asked if he could share my taxi home.'

'What a …………………………………………!'

6 Some people say she's unfeeling but she's really good at running the business and making it profitable. She'd never let her emotions cloud her judgement.'

'A bit of a ………………………………………… then.'

7 'She thinks she's going to be famous but as far as I can see she's got no talent for anything.'

'Don't take her too seriously. She's just a ………………………………………….'

8 'I can't make him out really. Sometimes he seems so kind and helpful and yet at other times he'll be really unpleasant and aggressive.'

'I know. It's ………………………………………… all over again.'

9 'He wants to stay young, free and single even though he's in his forties. He looks about half his age as well.'

'Yes, he's a …………………………………………really, isn't he?'

10 'She's always trying to interfere in other people's lives. I nearly told her today that what I do in my spare time has nothing to do with her.'

Yes, she's a bit of a ………………………………………….'

11 'He never seems to smile at anyone or show any enthusiasm for anything. He's really not my idea of fun.'

'A bit of a …………………………………………, then.'

12 I can't stand our neighbour. Every lime we have a party he complains about the noise. He even complains about children playing in the park.'

'What a …………………………………………!'

Listening

You will hear five short extracts in which people who have changed their names talk about why they did this. Remember that you must complete both tasks as you listen. You will hear the recording twice.

TASK ONE

For questions 1-5, choose from the list A-H each person's reason for disliking their original name.

TASK TWO

Date: 2015-12-17; view: 2402