The Past Perfect Tenseexpresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past. e.g. She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
Tense
Key words
Form
Examples (+)
Examples (-)
Examples (?)
Past Perfect
Never
already
by 2 o’clock
by September
after…
before…
had +regular verb:
Infinitive +-ed
irregular verb:3rd column of table of irregular verbs)
I had worked.
She had worked.
He had gone.
I had not worked.
She had not worked.
He had not gone. (hadn’t)
Had I worked?
Hadshe worked?
Had he gone?
The Future Perfect Tense -is the combination between Future Tense and Perfect Tense. It is used to describe an action that has already happened and it will finish at certain time in the future. e.g. By this time tomorrow, I will have read the book.
Tense
Key words
Form
Examples (+)
Examples (-)
Examples (?)
Future Perfect
by 2 o’clock tomorrow.
shall/will + have +regular verb:
Infinitive +-ed
irregular verb:
3rd column of table of irregular verbs)
I shall have worked.
She will have worked.
He will have gone.
I shall not have worked.
She will not have worked.
He will not have gone.
Shall I have worked?
Willshe have worked?
Will he have gone?
I. Join the following pairs of sentences by making one of them clause with the verb in the Past Perfect Tense as in an example:
The nurses went home. They finished their work (after) The nurses went home after they had finished their work.
1. Students didn't understand the problem. The teacher explained it. (until)
2. She read the article about nurses’ shortage in the USA. She went home. (after)
3. She moved to Odessa. She worked as a cardiac nurse. (by the time)
4. The pediatric nurse read the message carefully. She wrote the reply. (before)
5. The doctor left the ward. The patient turned on the radio. (as soon as)
6. The legal nurse consultant had dinner. He went to the laboratory. (after)
7. The patient didn't leave. He didn't receive a definite answer from a psychiatric nurse. (till)
8. We didn't disturb the professor. He finished his report on nurses’ specialties (until)
9. Mary worked as a neonatal nurse. She began to study Neonatology. (after)
II. Complete the sentences by using the Future Perfect Tense.
By 7 p.m. Meg will have finished the translation.
1. By tomorrow morning, I (go) to the library.
2. By next year, Ray (finish) the mental health nursing course.
3. By the time my sister gets home, I (cook) dinner.
4. Mother (send) the invitations by Sunday.
5. The teacher (give) us some reference materials by tomorrow morning.
6. My friend (get) married by the time she's 28.
7. The baseball team of our University (win) the tournament by next year.
8. Clarence and Joe (graduate) from Medical College by July, 2014.
III. Complete the questions by using the Future Perfect Tense.
Example: ___ Anna ___ ____ (finish) her exam by now? Will Anna have finished her exam by now?
1. ___ the letter ___ ___ (arrive) by next week?
2.___ the students ___ ___ (prepare) for the entrance exams by June?
3. ___ they ___ ___ (watch) this movie by Saturday?
4. ___ the scientist ___ ___ (begin) her new investigation by February?
5. ___ the delegation ___ ___ (go) on a business trip to Spain by June?
6. ___ the teacher ___ ___ (know) the names of all her students by October?
7. ____ she ___ _____ (learn) enough English to communicate fluently before 2015?
8. ___ you ___ _____ (send) the reports before the beginning of the conference?
